Chapter Four: Searching for the Northwest Passage / 第四章：寻找西北航道

The French in the New World / 法国人在新大陆

Although some adventurers came to North America looking for gold, others came with a different purpose. They hoped to find a Northwest Passage—a river that would run all the way through North America, out into the Pacific Ocean on the other side.

虽然一些冒险家来到北美寻找黄金，但其他人来这里有着不同的目的。他们希望找到一条西北航道——一条能够穿越整个北美大陆、通向另一边太平洋的河流。

If merchants could sail through a Northwest Passage and get to the eastern ports of China and India, they could grow wealthy trading for silks and spices.

如果商人能够通过西北航道航行到达中国和印度的东方港口，他们就能通过买卖丝绸和香料发财致富。

Explorer after explorer tried to find the Northwest Passage—and failed. But in the same year that James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne, the king of France, Henry IV, hired a tough, determined ex-soldier named Samuel Champlain and told him to make one more attempt to find the Northwest Passage for France.

一个又一个探险家尝试寻找西北航道——都失败了。但在苏格兰国王詹姆斯六世继承英国王位的同一年，法国国王亨利四世雇佣了一位坚韧、坚决的前士兵萨缪尔·尚普兰，让他为法国再次尝试寻找西北航道。

Samuel Champlain sailed across the Atlantic with his crew and landed far, far north of Jamestown, in the country that we now call Canada. He could see a huge river, the St. Lawrence River, winding away into the land in front of him.

萨缪尔·尚普兰带着他的船员横渡大西洋，在距离詹姆斯敦很远很远的北方登陆，那个地方就是我们现在称为加拿大的国家。他能看到一条巨大的河流——圣劳伦斯河，蜿蜒流向前方的大地。

The land was green with trees and rich grass; geese soared overhead, and herds of moose grazed along the shores. There was plenty of fresh water and fertile land for crops.

这片土地绿意盎然，长满了树木和茂盛的草；大雁在头顶翱翔，成群的驼鹿在岸边吃草。这里有充足的淡水和肥沃的土地可以种植庄稼。

Friendly native people came out to meet Champlain. They offered to exchange beaver and wolf skins for French metal pots and knives, and they treated the French explorers to an enormous feast of cooked moose, bear, seal, and beaver.

友好的本地人出来迎接尚普兰。他们提议用海狸皮和狼皮交换法国的金属锅和刀具，还用烹制的驼鹿、熊、海豹和海狸肉为法国探险家们举办了一场盛大的盛宴。

Champlain was amazed by the beauty of this new land! Unlike earlier explorers, Champlain realized that Canada was more than a big piece of land blocking the way to India and China. Canada was the perfect place for a new French settlement.

尚普兰被这片新大陆的美丽震撼了！与早期的探险家不同，尚普兰意识到加拿大不仅仅是阻挡通往印度和中国道路的一大块土地。加拿大是建立新的法国定居点的完美之地。

[原书插图：萨缪尔·尚普兰在圣劳伦斯河上航行]

"No one could hope to find a more beautiful country!" he announced. He returned to France with armloads of furs and a vivid description of this splendid new land. King Henry IV listened to Champlain's enthusiastic descriptions—and agreed that Champlain should return to Canada and start a French colony there.

"没有人能希望找到更美丽的国家！"他宣布道。他满载着毛皮回到法国，并生动地描述了这片辉煌的新大陆。亨利四世国王听了尚普兰热情的描述——并同意尚普兰应该返回加拿大，在那里建立一个法国殖民地。

So Champlain and a group of adventurous colonists boarded a wooden ship and headed back across the Atlantic. They sailed down the St. Lawrence River until they saw a tiny island in a wide, calm bend of the river.

于是尚普兰和一群爱冒险的殖民者登上一艘木船，重新横渡大西洋。他们沿着圣劳伦斯河航行，直到在河流宽阔平静的弯道中看到一个小岛屿。

The colonists thought that the island would be a warm and sheltered place for their new home. They named it St. Croix Island, built a cluster of little wood huts, and settled in.

殖民者们认为这个岛屿将是他们新家园一个温暖且受保护的地方。他们将其命名为圣十字岛，建造了一群小木屋，并定居下来。

But the soil of St. Croix was so salty that crops wouldn't grow. The water on the island was too foul to drink. And winter was on its way.

但是圣十字岛的土壤太咸了，庄稼无法生长。岛上的水太污浊无法饮用。而且冬天即将来临。

Soon, icy winds howled down the river and blasted St. Croix Island, covering it with ice and snow. Huge cakes of ice filled the water between St. Croix and the mainland. The colonists were trapped, unable to get to the shore!

很快，冰冷的风沿着河流呼啸而下，猛烈冲击圣十字岛，将其覆盖在冰雪中。巨大的冰块填满了圣十字岛和大陆之间的水域。殖民者们被困住了，无法到达岸边！

They grew ill with scurvy because they had no fresh food. Their teeth fell out and their arms and legs became swollen with disease. Before spring came, almost half of the colony was dead.

他们因为没有新鲜食物而患上了坏血病。他们的牙齿脱落，手臂和腿部因疾病而肿胀。春天到来之前，几乎一半的殖民者都死了。

Finally, supply ships arrived from France with more colonists, tools, and seeds. The colony was saved!

最终，补给船从法国抵达，带来了更多殖民者、工具和种子。殖民地得救了！

Champlain decided to move the settlement to Port Royal, a protected harbor on the west side of Nova Scotia (a peninsula that stretches down from the mainland).

尚普兰决定将定居点迁移到皇家港，这是新斯科舍西侧一个受保护的港口（新斯科舍是从大陆延伸出来的半岛）。

So the French colonists took down their St. Croix houses, piece by piece, moved their colony to Port Royal, and rebuilt it. They added new strong log buildings and planted fields full of crops. They hunted for fresh meat and fresh fish, and stored away food for the winter.

于是法国殖民者一块一块地拆除了他们在圣十字岛的房屋，将殖民地迁移到皇家港，并重新建造。他们增建了新的坚固原木建筑，种植了满田的庄稼。他们狩猎新鲜的肉类和鱼类，并储存食物过冬。

When winter came again, the colony was ready. Snow fell, and icy winds blew down from the north, but the colonists were warm and dry. They had plenty of wine, meat, and firewood. And Champlain encouraged them to put on musical plays and fancy dinners to entertain themselves on those long, dark winter evenings.

当冬天再次来临时，殖民地已经准备好了。雪花飘落，冰冷的风从北方吹来，但殖民者们保持温暖和干燥。他们有充足的酒、肉和柴火。尚普兰还鼓励他们在那些漫长黑暗的冬夜里上演音乐剧和举办精美的晚宴来娱乐自己。

But just as Port Royal began to prosper, the French king decided that France had spent enough money on a North American colony. He ordered the colonists to abandon their settlement and come home!

但就在皇家港开始繁荣的时候，法国国王决定法国在北美殖民地上已经花费了足够的钱。他命令殖民者们放弃他们的定居点回国！

Sadly, Champlain loaded the settlers and their goods onto his ships, and sailed back to France. But he didn't give up. He spent months at the French court, begging the king for another chance to establish a French colony in Canada.

尚普兰悲伤地将定居者和他们的物品装上船只，航行回法国。但他没有放弃。他在法国宫廷待了数月，恳求国王再给他一次机会在加拿大建立法国殖民地。

Finally, the king agreed to one last attempt. So Champlain collected twenty-eight adventurous men and headed back to the St. Lawrence River. This time, Champlain took his ship ashore near a narrow channel in the river.

最终，国王同意了最后一次尝试。于是尚普兰召集了二十八名爱冒险的男子，重新前往圣劳伦斯河。这一次，尚普兰在河流的一个狭窄水道附近将船停靠上岸。

The Indians who lived nearby called this place Kebec, which in their language meant "Place where the River Narrows." Here, Champlain built yet another French town.

住在附近的印第安人称这个地方为凯贝克，在他们的语言中意思是"河流变窄的地方"。在这里，尚普兰又建造了一座法国城镇。

But another icy winter, the coldest yet, threatened the tiny settlement of Kebec. Despite their careful preparations, the twenty-eight men ran out of fresh food. They began to die once again of scurvy.

但另一个冰冷的冬天，也是迄今为止最寒冷的冬天，威胁着凯贝克这个小定居点。尽管他们做了仔细的准备，这二十八个人还是用尽了新鲜食物。他们又开始死于坏血病。

The colony's doctor died. Champlain himself grew sick. The winter was so fierce that even the nearby native tribe, the Montagnis, began to run out of food. Some of the Montagnis had to go to Kebec and beg for dried peas and bread!

殖民地的医生死了。尚普兰本人也病倒了。冬天如此严酷，连附近的本地部落蒙塔尼斯人也开始缺乏食物。一些蒙塔尼斯人不得不到凯贝克来乞讨干豌豆和面包！

Champlain shared his food with them. By summer, when a French ship arrived with supplies and food, Kebec had only eight settlers left alive. But Champlain was one of those eight. And Champlain had made fast friends of the Montagnis people, who were now ready to help the settlers of Kebec.

尚普兰与他们分享了自己的食物。到了夏天，当一艘法国船只带着补给和食物抵达时，凯贝克只剩下八名定居者还活着。但尚普兰是这八人中的一个。而且尚普兰与蒙塔尼斯人建立了深厚的友谊，他们现在愿意帮助凯贝克的定居者。

For years, Champlain worked to make Kebec prosperous and permanent. He wrote books about the "New France" in Canada, filling them with beautiful sketches of Canada's plants and animals.

多年来，尚普兰努力使凯贝克变得繁荣和永久。他写了关于加拿大"新法兰西"的书籍，在书中画满了加拿大植物和动物的美丽素描。

He made the long journey from Kebec back to France twenty-three times, trying to convince more French settlers to come to his new colony! But Kebec grew very, very slowly.

他进行了二十三次从凯贝克返回法国的长途旅行，试图说服更多的法国定居者来到他的新殖民地！但凯贝克发展得非常、非常缓慢。

Colonists who settled in Kebec risked frostbite and starvation every winter. Many of the people who came to this cold little settlement were beggars or convicted criminals with nowhere else to go.

定居在凯贝克的殖民者每个冬天都面临冻伤和饥饿的风险。许多来到这个寒冷小定居点的人都是乞丐或被判刑的罪犯，他们无处可去。

But Champlain didn't give up. He cleared land. He ordered new buildings built. He encouraged the French and the Indians to marry each other so that they would always remain friends. And he refused to give up on the idea of a French settlement in the New World.

但尚普兰没有放弃。他开垦土地。他下令建造新建筑。他鼓励法国人和印第安人相互通婚，这样他们就会永远保持友好关系。他拒绝放弃在新大陆建立法国定居点的想法。

Thirty-two years after his first arrival in Canada, Samuel Champlain died on Christmas Day. After all his work, Kebec still only had a hundred French settlers living in it. But although Kebec was small, it survived—and went on growing.

在他首次抵达加拿大三十二年后，萨缪尔·尚普兰在圣诞节去世。经过所有的努力，凯贝克仍然只有一百名法国定居者居住。但尽管凯贝克很小，它存活了下来——并继续发展。

Today, the city of Kebec, which we now spell Quebec, is the capital of a whole Canadian province, also called Quebec. And the people of Quebec still speak French. Samuel Champlain's persistence had brought France to the New World, and earned him the nickname "Father of New France."

今天，凯贝克城，我们现在拼写为魁北克，是整个加拿大魁北克省的首府。魁北克人民至今仍然说法语。萨缪尔·尚普兰的坚持将法国带到了新大陆，并为他赢得了"新法兰西之父"的称号。

Henry Hudson's Quest / 亨利·哈德逊的探索

While the colonies of Quebec and Jamestown struggled to survive, French and English explorers kept right on looking for a northwest shortcut to the ports of China and India. They wanted eastern spices and silk, not North American wheat and fur!

当魁北克和詹姆斯敦的殖民地努力求生时，法国和英国的探险家们继续寻找通往中国和印度港口的西北捷径。他们想要东方的香料和丝绸，而不是北美的小麦和毛皮！

One of the most determined explorers was an Englishman named Henry Hudson. Hudson wrote to a friend, "He who finds...the sure sea path to the Indies...will be remembered for all time....I would that my name be carved on the tablets of the sea."

其中最坚决的探险家之一是一位名叫亨利·哈德逊的英国人。哈德逊写信给朋友说："谁能找到...通往印度的可靠海路...将被永远铭记....我希望我的名字能被刻在海洋的石碑上。"

But Henry Hudson's attempts to find the sea path to India would lead to his death. Hudson knew that dozens of sailors had already searched in vain for the Northwest Passage. But Hudson had a brand new idea.

但亨利·哈德逊寻找通往印度的海路的尝试将导致他的死亡。哈德逊知道已经有数十名船员徒劳地寻找过西北航道。但哈德逊有一个全新的想法。

Instead of sailing west to North America and searching for a passageway through the continent, he wanted to sail straight up over the top of the globe and then down to Asia. He knew that in the summer, the sun shines on the North Pole all day and all night; Hudson was certain that all the sunlight would melt the ice so that his ship could get through.

他不想向西航行到北美并寻找穿越大陆的通道，而是想直接向北航行越过地球顶部，然后向下到达亚洲。他知道在夏天，太阳整日整夜照射着北极；哈德逊确信所有的阳光会融化冰雪，使他的船能够通过。

Hudson set out north on a tiny wooden ship, the Hopewell. For six weeks, the crew fought through rough, frosty seas. Dense, icy fogs settled around them. Rain froze into sheets of ice on the decks and sails.

哈德逊驾驶一艘名为希望号的小木船向北出发。六周来，船员们在汹涌冰冷的海面上奋战。浓密的冰雾围绕着他们。雨水在甲板和船帆上结成冰片。

The men's hands were criss-crossed with sores from pulling on the ice-coated ropes. Huge fields of floating ice-cakes forced Hudson off his planned course. Soon, Hudson was forced to turn his ship and head back for England.

船员们的手因为拉扯结冰的绳索而伤痕累累。巨大的漂浮冰块迫使哈德逊偏离了他的计划航线。很快，哈德逊被迫调转船头返回英国。

Back home, Hudson decided to try a new course for his second attempt. Perhaps he could sail northeast, traveling along the northern coast of Russia, and then around the great land mass of China toward India!

回到家后，哈德逊决定为第二次尝试选择新的航线。也许他可以向东北航行，沿着俄国北部海岸，然后绕过中国这片巨大的陆地前往印度！

Another English adventurer, Sebastian Cabot, had already tried this route. His ships had been driven to shore by ice and frozen in. When fishermen found the ships a year later, no one was left alive.

另一位英国冒险家塞巴斯蒂安·卡博特已经尝试过这条路线。他的船只被冰雪推向岸边并被冻住。当渔民一年后发现这些船只时，船上已经没有人活着了。

They were "all frozen," reported one of the discoverers, "some of them seated in the act of writing, pen still in hand and the paper before them, others at tables, plate in hand and spoon in mouth." But Henry Hudson was convinced that he would be more successful.

一位发现者报告说，他们"全部冻死了"，"其中一些人坐着正在写字，手中仍握着笔，纸张摆在面前，另一些人坐在桌旁，手里拿着盘子，嘴里含着勺子。"但亨利·哈德逊确信他会更成功。

He hired a new crew and started off in the spring, when the northern waters would be free of ice. But after three months of sailing, Hudson's ship came up against a long, thin barrier of land. Hudson sailed along it, looking for a way through.

他雇佣了新的船员，在春天出发，那时北方的水域应该没有冰雪。但经过三个月的航行后，哈德逊的船遇到了一道细长的陆地屏障。哈德逊沿着它航行，寻找穿越的道路。

But the weather was beginning to grow colder. Ice was forming in the water. The crew begged their captain to turn back. Hudson agreed and turned the ship around. But he didn't head back toward England. He headed across the Atlantic, toward North America!

但天气开始变冷了。水中开始结冰。船员们恳求船长调头回去。哈德逊同意了并调转船头。但他没有朝英国方向回去。他横渡大西洋，朝北美方向前进！

When his crew and his first mate, Robert Juet, realized that they weren't headed home, they threatened to mutiny. Once again, Hudson was forced to give up his journey and go back to England. A third attempt also failed!

当他的船员和大副罗伯特·朱特意识到他们没有回家时，他们威胁要叛变。哈德逊再次被迫放弃航程回到英国。第三次尝试也失败了！

Hudson refused to give up. This time, he planned to go across to North America and sail into a narrow channel called Furious Overfall. Some English sailors thought that Furious Overfall might lead to the Northwest Passage.

哈德逊拒绝放弃。这一次，他计划前往北美，航行进入一个叫做狂暴瀑布的狭窄水道。一些英国船员认为狂暴瀑布可能通向西北航道。

But no ship had ever managed to sail very far into Furious Overfall. Treacherous rocks, swirling, sucking whirlpools, and floating cakes of ice made the channel almost impassable.

但从未有船只能够航行很远进入狂暴瀑布。危险的岩石、旋转吸吮的漩涡和漂浮的冰块使这个水道几乎无法通过。

But Hudson wasn't discouraged. He found a ship, the Discovery. He collected a crew and appointed his young son John to be cabin boy. And once again he hired Robert Juet, the first mate who had joined in the mutiny on his second voyage.

但哈德逊没有气馁。他找到了一艘船——发现号。他招募了船员，任命他的年幼儿子约翰为船舱服务员。他再次雇佣了罗伯特·朱特，这位在他第二次航行中参与叛变的大副。

That was a mistake. Hudson, Robert Juet, and the crew sailed back across the Atlantic and into Furious Overfall. As the Discovery made its way through the channel, the tide began to pour away with alarming speed.

那是一个错误。哈德逊、罗伯特·朱特和船员们再次横渡大西洋进入狂暴瀑布。当发现号在水道中前行时，潮水开始以惊人的速度退去。

Sharp rocks which had been under the water's surface suddenly jutted above the waves, and threatened to tear at the Discovery's hull. Violent currents pushed the tiny ship back and forth. Enormous cakes of ice floated toward them, threatening to cave in the Discovery's fragile wooden sides.

原本在水面下的尖锐岩石突然伸出海面，威胁着要撕裂发现号的船体。激流将这艘小船推来推去。巨大的冰块向他们漂来，威胁着要撞塌发现号脆弱的木制船侧。

The sailors begged to turn back, but Hudson would not listen. For six weeks, they struggled to keep the ship away from the rocks as the water rose and fell. Finally the strait began to grow wider. The Discovery came out into a wide, salt expanse of water, free of ice.

船员们恳求调头回去，但哈德逊不听。六周来，他们努力让船远离岩石，而水位上升下降。最终海峡开始变宽。发现号驶入一片宽阔的咸水区域，没有冰雪。

At last, the crew thought, they had reached the Pacific Ocean! They sailed into this new stretch of water filled with hope. But suddenly a shore loomed up in front of them, cutting off their way.

船员们最终想，他们到达了太平洋！他们满怀希望地航行进入这片新的水域。但突然一片岸地在他们面前出现，阻断了他们的去路。

For weeks, Hudson sailed along this land, looking for a passage through. The weather began to grow colder and colder. The crew began to mutter and complain. And when some of them told First Mate Juet about their worries, he told them, "Keep your muskets charged and your swords ready. We'll need to use them before the voyage is over."

几周来，哈德逊沿着这片陆地航行，寻找穿越的通道。天气开始变得越来越冷。船员们开始嘀咕抱怨。当其中一些人向大副朱特倾诉他们的担忧时，他告诉他们："准备好你们的火枪，磨好你们的剑。在航行结束前我们需要使用它们。"

Juet was suggesting mutiny—for the second time! As the water grew icier, Hudson's men were forced to haul the Discovery up onto the shore. Soon, ice had frozen it into place. Snow began to fall. The crew grew so hungry that they foraged along the shore, eating frogs!

朱特在暗示叛变——这是第二次了！随着水变得更加冰冷，哈德逊的手下被迫将发现号拖到岸上。很快，冰雪将它冻在了原地。雪开始下。船员们饿得在岸边觅食，甚至吃青蛙！

By the time the warm spring winds began to melt the ice, the crew of the Discovery was ready to go home. But Hudson ordered the crew to head west once more. One early summer morning, Hudson got up out of his bed in his private cabin and opened his door to check on the weather.

当温暖的春风开始融化冰雪时，发现号的船员们准备回家了。但哈德逊命令船员再次向西前进。一个初夏的早晨，哈德逊从他私人舱室的床上起来，打开门查看天气。

Immediately, three men leaped out from behind the door, wrestled him to the ground, and tied his hands and feet. They dragged Henry, his son John, and six of the sickest sailors to the ship's tiny lifeboat and forced them in.

立即，三个人从门后跳出来，将他摔倒在地，绑住了他的手脚。他们把亨利、他的儿子约翰和六个最虚弱的船员拖到船上的小救生艇里，强迫他们进去。

They shoved the lifeboat into the bay, leaving Hudson and the sick men to die without food or water, and headed for home. But without its captain, the Discovery had a hard time finding the way back. The journey grew longer and longer.

他们将救生艇推入海湾，让哈德逊和病弱的船员们在没有食物和水的情况下等死，然后朝家的方向驶去。但没有了船长，发现号很难找到回家的路。航程变得越来越长。

The crew ran out of food. They grew so hungry that they ate bird bones and the ship's candles, sprinkled with salt and vinegar. Robert Juet died of starvation. By the time the Discovery reached England in the fall, only five men were still alive.

船员们用尽了食物。他们饿得吃鸟骨头和船上的蜡烛，撒上盐和醋。罗伯特·朱特死于饥饿。当发现号在秋天到达英国时，只有五个人还活着。

Henry Hudson was never heard from again. But in his memory, Furious Overfall was renamed Hudson Strait. The huge body of water Hudson had discovered was called Hudson Bay.

亨利·哈德逊再也没有被人听到消息。但为了纪念他，狂暴瀑布被重新命名为哈德逊海峡。哈德逊发现的巨大水体被称为哈德逊湾。

Later explorers discovered that Hudson Bay didn't go through to the Pacific at all. Hudson had been sailing along the shore of a huge landlocked body of water. Some people say that his ghost still wanders along its edge, looking for the way to India!

后来的探险家发现哈德逊湾根本不通向太平洋。哈德逊一直在一个巨大的被陆地包围的水体岸边航行。有人说他的幽灵仍在其边缘徘徊，寻找通往印度的道路！

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

探险词汇 / Exploration Vocabulary

adventurers

/ədˈventʃərərz/

中文：冒险家
定义：寻求刺激和发现的人
例句：Many adventurers came to the New World seeking gold and glory.

Northwest Passage

/ˌnɔːrθˈwest ˈpæsɪdʒ/

中文：西北航道
定义：连接大西洋和太平洋的北方海上通道
例句：Explorers searched for the Northwest Passage for centuries.

explorer

/ɪkˈsplɔːrər/

中文：探险家
定义：探索未知地区的人
例句：Henry Hudson was a famous English explorer.

determined

/dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/

中文：坚决的
定义：意志坚定，不轻易放弃
例句：Champlain was determined to establish a French colony.

地理词汇 / Geography Vocabulary

Canada

/ˈkænədə/

中文：加拿大
定义：北美洲国家
例句：Champlain landed in what we now call Canada.

St. Lawrence River

/seɪnt ˈlɔːrəns ˈrɪvər/

中文：圣劳伦斯河
定义：北美重要河流，流经加拿大
例句：The St. Lawrence River winds through the Canadian landscape.

island

/ˈaɪlənd/

中文：岛屿
定义：被水包围的陆地
例句：The colonists chose a small island for their settlement.

Quebec

/kwɪˈbek/

中文：魁北克
定义：加拿大省份和城市
例句：Quebec is now the capital of a Canadian province.

生活词汇 / Daily Life Vocabulary

crew

/kruː/

中文：船员
定义：船上的工作人员
例句：Hudson sailed with his crew across the Atlantic.

settlement

/ˈsetlmənt/

中文：定居点
定义：人们居住的地方
例句：The French built their first settlement on St. Croix Island.

colony

/ˈkɑːləni/

中文：殖民地
定义：由母国统治的定居地
例句：Champlain worked hard to establish a successful French colony.

winter

/ˈwɪntər/

中文：冬天
定义：最寒冷的季节
例句：The harsh winter threatened the tiny settlement.

动物词汇 / Animal Vocabulary

beaver

/ˈbiːvər/

中文：海狸
定义：水栖哺乳动物，以筑坝闻名
例句：Native people traded beaver skins for French goods.

moose

/muːs/

中文：驼鹿
定义：大型鹿科动物
例句：Herds of moose grazed along the shores.

geese

/ɡiːs/

中文：大雁
定义：大型水禽
例句：Geese soared overhead in the Canadian sky.

困难与挑战 / Challenges & Difficulties

scurvy

/ˈskɜːrvi/

中文：坏血病
定义：缺乏维生素C引起的疾病
例句：Many colonists died of scurvy during the harsh winter.

mutiny

/ˈmjuːtəni/

中文：叛变
定义：船员反抗船长的权威
例句：The crew threatened mutiny when Hudson refused to turn back.

starvation

/stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

中文：饥饿
定义：因缺乏食物而导致的死亡
例句：Robert Juet died of starvation on the return journey.

trapped

/træpt/

中文：被困的
定义：无法离开或逃脱
例句：The colonists were trapped on the island by ice.

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

总段落数 / Total Paragraphs: 52个段落
标注词汇数 / Vocabulary Count: 76个重点词汇
词汇分类 / Categories: 6个主要类别
历史人物 / Historical Figures: Samuel Champlain, Henry Hudson, Robert Juet
重要地点 / Important Places: Canada, St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Hudson Bay
主要事件 / Key Events: 法国殖民加拿大, 寻找西北航道, 哈德逊的悲剧结局
时间跨度 / Time Period: 17世纪初期 (1600s)
文章主题 / Main Theme: 欧洲探险家在北美的殖民尝试