Chapter 40 - New Ventures to the Americas / 第四十章 - 美洲的新冒险

Walter Raleigh and the New World / 沃尔特·雷利和新世界

During Elizabeth's reign, the Spanish were busy building an empire. In 1556, Philip, the Spanish prince who had married Mary (and who had offered to marry Elizabeth) had inherited the throne of Spain.

在伊丽莎白统治期间，西班牙人正忙于建立一个帝国。在1556年，菲利普，这位曾与玛丽结婚（也曾向伊丽莎白求婚）的西班牙王子，继承了西班牙的王位。

He ruled not only over Spain itself, but over parts of Italy and Europe. And Spain's empire stretched over to the Americas as well. Spanish settlers had built colonies in Central and South America. Now, the Spanish were beginning to move into North America too.

他不仅统治西班牙本土，还统治意大利和欧洲的部分地区。西班牙的帝国也延伸到了美洲。西班牙定居者已经在中美洲和南美洲建立了殖民地。现在，西班牙人也开始向北美洲进军。

Two Spanish adventurers, Hernando de Soto and Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, had already explored parts of what is now the United States. And a Spanish colony had been built in the land that now belongs to Florida.

两位西班牙冒险家，埃尔南多·德·索托和弗朗西斯科·巴斯克斯·德·科罗纳多，已经探索了现在美国的部分地区。西班牙人还在现在属于佛罗里达州的土地上建立了一个殖民地。

If the Spanish took over both North and South America, the Spanish Empire would become the largest and most powerful in the world. Elizabeth didn't want Spain to become more important than England. So she gave English pirates permission to attack Spanish ships headed for the New World.

如果西班牙人占领了整个北美洲和南美洲，西班牙帝国将成为世界上最大最强大的帝国。伊丽莎白不希望西班牙变得比英国更重要。所以她给英国海盗许可，让他们攻击驶向新世界的西班牙船只。

And she began to plan English expeditions to North America. England needed to build its own colonies in North America before Spain claimed it all.

她还开始计划英国对北美洲的远征。英国需要在西班牙声称拥有整个北美洲之前，在那里建立自己的殖民地。

Who would be in charge of the English attempt to explore North America? Elizabeth decided to give the job to one of her favorite knights, Sir Walter Raleigh.

谁来负责英国探索北美洲的尝试呢？伊丽莎白决定把这个任务交给她最喜爱的骑士之一，沃尔特·雷利爵士。

Walter Raleigh was a tall, handsome, hot-tempered man, always getting himself involved in tavern fights and arguments. But he was also a poet who swore eternal devotion to the queen.

沃尔特·雷利是一个高大、英俊、脾气暴躁的男人，总是卷入酒馆里的打斗和争论。但他也是一位诗人，向女王发誓永远忠诚。

One story tells us that Raleigh was walking with the queen when the two came to a muddy spot in the road. Raleigh whipped off his velvet cloak, threw it across the mud with a flourish, and invited the queen to walk on top of it.

有一个故事说，雷利与女王一起散步时，两人来到路上一个泥泞的地方。雷利迅速脱下他的天鹅绒斗篷，以一个夸张的动作把它铺在泥地上，请女王踩着走过去。

This sort of behavior charmed the queen. She gave Raleigh land, money, and a special position at court. And she told him that he could organize the expedition to North America. That meant that Raleigh would arrange for ships, provisions, and sailors.

这种行为迷住了女王。她给了雷利土地、金钱，以及在宫廷中的特殊地位。她告诉他可以组织对北美洲的远征。这意味着雷利要安排船只、物资供应和水手。

In return, Elizabeth promised to give Walter Raleigh plenty of land in North America for his own. Raleigh had tried to get to North America before. When he was a young man, he had gone with his brother on an attempt to land in the New World. But their ships never made it across the ocean.

作为回报，伊丽莎白承诺给沃尔特·雷利大量北美洲的土地作为他自己的财产。雷利以前就曾试图到达北美洲。当他还是年轻人时，他曾与兄弟一起尝试在新世界登陆。但他们的船只从未能横渡海洋。

First, a Spanish fleet attacked them and drove them back. And then a storm forced them to return to land. Later, Raleigh's brother tried once more to make it across the Atlantic. But his ship was lost at sea—and he was never seen again.

首先，一支西班牙舰队攻击了他们并将他们赶回。然后一场风暴迫使他们返回陆地。后来，雷利的兄弟再次尝试横渡大西洋。但他的船在海上失踪了——从此再也没有人见过他。

This time around, Elizabeth ordered Raleigh to stay in England while the ships tried to reach North America. She didn't want her favorite knight to drown or be killed by the Spanish. In 1584, Raleigh filled two ships with provisions and men and sent them off.

这一次，伊丽莎白命令雷利留在英国，让船只去尝试到达北美洲。她不希望她最喜爱的骑士淹死或被西班牙人杀死。在1584年，雷利装载了两艘满载物资和人员的船只，派遣他们出发。

The sailors had orders to explore the coast of North America, find the best place for a colony to settle, and then return. The ships were gone for over a year—a long year for Sir Walter Raleigh. Finally, the ships were sighted on the horizon. They had returned safely.

水手们接到命令要探索北美洲的海岸，找到最适合殖民地定居的地方，然后返回。船只离开了一年多——对沃尔特·雷利爵士来说是漫长的一年。最后，船只在地平线上被看见了。他们安全返回了。

Raleigh ran down to the docks to hear their news. When the ship's captains came down the gangplanks, they were full of stories and enthusiasm. They had landed on the east coast of North America and found rich, fertile land, perfect for growing crops.

雷利跑到码头去听他们的消息。当船只的船长走下跳板时，他们满怀故事和热情。他们在北美洲东海岸登陆，发现了富饶、肥沃的土地，非常适合种植庄稼。

The native Indians were friendly; two had even agreed to return to England on the English ships. The sailors had brought back pearls, soft beautiful animal skins, and two new plants: potatoes, and tobacco.

当地的印第安人很友好；有两个人甚至同意乘坐英国船只返回英国。水手们带回了珍珠、柔软美丽的动物皮毛，以及两种新植物：土豆和烟草。

They told Raleigh that the Indians put tobacco into clay pipes, lit it, and then blew smoke from their mouths. They had never seen anyone smoking before.

他们告诉雷利，印第安人把烟草放进陶制烟斗里，点燃它，然后从嘴里吹出烟。他们以前从未见过有人吸烟。

Raleigh decided to try out this new tobacco for himself. One evening, he sat in his rooms, trying to figure out how his new pipe worked. He blew and puffed and choked. Finally, he managed to breathe the smoke into his lungs. Just then, his manservant came into the room.

雷利决定亲自尝试这种新的烟草。一天晚上，他坐在房间里，试图弄清楚他的新烟斗是如何工作的。他吹啊吸啊，呛到了。最后，他设法把烟吸入了肺部。就在这时，他的男仆走进了房间。

When he saw smoke coming out of Raleigh's nose, he thought Raleigh was on fire! Yelling for help, he grabbed a bucket of cold water—and dumped it over Raleigh's head.

当他看到烟从雷利的鼻子里冒出来时，他以为雷利着火了！他大喊求助，抓起一水桶冷水——倒在了雷利的头上。

Now Raleigh had to find colonists who would be willing to build a new town in the New World. Eventually, 107 men and women agreed to go to America. Raleigh filled their ships with seed, salt, livestock, and building tools and sent them off. He told them to name their new colony Virginia in honor of Elizabeth, who was known as the "Virgin Queen."

现在雷利必须找到愿意在新世界建立新城镇的殖民者。最终，107名男女同意前往美洲。雷利在他们的船上装满了种子、盐、牲畜和建筑工具，然后派他们出发。他告诉他们把新殖民地命名为弗吉尼亚，以纪念被称为"处女女王"的伊丽莎白。

In 1585, the settlers landed safely in Virginia and began to build homes, fences, and gardens. But after a year, they begged to be allowed to come back to England. The Virginia winters were freezing cold. The ground wasn't as fertile as the first explorers had told them; they had so little food that they had been forced to eat their dogs.

在1585年，定居者安全地在弗吉尼亚登陆，开始建造房屋、围栏和花园。但一年后，他们恳求被允许回到英国。弗吉尼亚的冬天冰冷刺骨。土地并不像第一批探险者告诉他们的那样肥沃；他们的食物太少，被迫吃掉了自己的狗。

And the Indians were growing more and more unfriendly. Finally a ship brought the unhappy colonists home. Walter Raleigh was determined to try again. He sent another ship full of settlers to Virginia, but this attempt failed as well.

印第安人也变得越来越不友好。最终一艘船把不快乐的殖民者带回了家。沃尔特·雷利决心再次尝试。他派遣另一艘满载定居者的船只前往弗吉尼亚，但这次尝试也失败了。

And in the meantime, Raleigh started to have troubles of his own in England. He had fallen in love with one of Elizabeth's maids of honor, a beautiful girl named Bess Throckmorton. But he knew that Elizabeth would be angry if she found out. She wanted Raleigh to be dedicated only to her service.

与此同时，雷利在英国开始有了自己的麻烦。他爱上了伊丽莎白的一位宫女，一个名叫贝丝·思洛克莫顿的美丽女孩。但他知道如果伊丽莎白发现了会很愤怒。她希望雷利只专心致志于为她服务。

So he and Bess Throckmorton married in secret, and Bess went on living at the palace. But then Bess discovered that she was going to have a baby. When the queen found out what had happened, she arrested both of them and threw them into the Tower of London.

所以他和贝丝·思洛克莫顿秘密结婚，贝丝继续住在宫殿里。但后来贝丝发现她要生孩子了。当女王发现发生了什么事时，她逮捕了他们两个，把他们关进了伦敦塔。

She didn't like secrets at her court. After a month, Elizabeth let both of her prisoners out. But she banished them from her court and told them to go away and live in the English countryside.

她不喜欢宫廷里有秘密。一个月后，伊丽莎白释放了她的两个囚犯。但她将他们从宫廷中放逐，告诉他们离开，去英国乡村生活。

The year after his release, Raleigh wrote a poem that began, "Like truthless dreams, so are my joys expired," and went on, "My lost delights … have left me all alone in unknown ways." Walter Raleigh's days as the queen's favorite were over.

获释后的第二年，雷利写了一首诗，开头是"如虚假的梦境，我的欢乐已消逝"，接着写道："我失去的快乐……让我独自一人走在未知的道路上。"沃尔特·雷利作为女王宠臣的日子结束了。

Although Raleigh lived for many more years and had many adventures, his story ends sadly. He never sent another expedition to North America. When Elizabeth died, there was still no English colony in the New World. And the king who inherited her throne charged Raleigh with treason and threw him in the Tower of London for twelve years.

虽然雷利又活了很多年，有过很多冒险，但他的故事结局很悲伤。他再也没有派遣过前往北美洲的远征队。当伊丽莎白去世时，新世界仍然没有英国殖民地。继承她王位的国王指控雷利犯有叛国罪，把他关在伦敦塔十二年。

Finally, the king let Raleigh out and told him that he could go free as long as he went to South America and found gold for England. Raleigh tried—but when he returned empty-handed, he was beheaded.

最后，国王释放了雷利，告诉他只要去南美洲为英国寻找黄金，就可以获得自由。雷利尝试了——但当他空手而归时，他被斩首了。

The Lost Colony / 失踪的殖民地

Do you remember the first Virginia colonists, who grew so hungry that they begged to come home? They had settled on an island called Roanoke Island. (Today, that island is part of North Carolina.) Storms from the sea often blew across the island, and the Native Americans there had begun to threaten the English settlers.

你还记得第一批弗吉尼亚殖民者吗，他们饿得恳求回家？他们定居在一个叫罗阿诺克岛的岛上。（今天，那个岛屿是北卡罗来纳州的一部分。）来自海上的风暴经常吹过这个岛屿，那里的印第安人开始威胁英国定居者。

So when the colonists went back to England, they left fifteen soldiers behind to guard their little town. When Raleigh's second band of colonists set out for Virginia, they decided to abandon Roanoke Island. Instead, they planned to land further north, near the Chesapeake Bay.

所以当殖民者回到英国时，他们留下十五名士兵守卫他们的小镇。当雷利的第二批殖民者出发前往弗吉尼亚时，他们决定放弃罗阿诺克岛。相反，他们计划在更北边的切萨皮克湾附近登陆。

But they did convince the commander of their ships to stop at Roanoke Island to pick up the fifteen soldiers who had stayed behind. The ships anchored in the water nearby, and the colonists rowed over to the island in small boats.

但他们确实说服了船只的指挥官在罗阿诺克岛停留，接走留下的十五名士兵。船只在附近的水中抛锚，殖民者乘小船划到岛上。

But the fifteen soldiers had disappeared! The settlement was deserted, the houses overgrown by vines and weeds. Deer wandered through the village, poking their heads into windows. The colonists searched, but found only the skeleton of a single soldier.

但是十五名士兵消失了！定居点被荒废了，房屋被藤蔓和杂草长满。鹿在村庄里漫步，把头伸进窗户。殖民者搜寻，但只发现了一名士兵的骨架。

"They've all been killed by Indians!" the colonists muttered. "Let's get out of here!" But the commander who was in charge of the colonists' ships was tired of having the colonists on board. They were seasick all the time, and they complained about how uncomfortable the ships were.

"他们都被印第安人杀死了！"殖民者嘟囔着。"我们快离开这里！"但负责殖民者船只的指挥官厌倦了船上有殖民者。他们总是晕船，而且抱怨船只多么不舒服。

And the commander had already argued with John White, the colony leader. So he ordered the ships to leave the colonists on Roanoke Island and go back to England. The colonists were horrified. They had only a few boats, so they couldn't get off the island. It was July in Virginia—hot and very muggy. Bugs were everywhere, and the settlement was falling down around them.

指挥官已经和殖民地领袖约翰·怀特争吵过了。所以他命令船只把殖民者留在罗阿诺克岛上，回英国去。殖民者感到惊恐。他们只有几条小船，所以无法离开岛屿。那是弗吉尼亚的七月——炎热且非常闷热。虫子到处都是，定居点在他们周围倒塌。

But the colonists did their best. They cleaned out the abandoned houses and fenced in the deserted gardens. They tried to make friends with the Native Americans again, and for a little while, friendly Native Americans helped them to trap fish and grow corn and beans.

但殖民者尽了他们的努力。他们清理了废弃的房屋，围起了荒废的花园。他们试图再次与印第安人交朋友，有一小段时间，友好的印第安人帮助他们捕捉鱼类，种植玉米和豆类。

Less than a month after the colonists were stranded on Roanoke Island, John White's daughter Eleanor had a baby girl. She and her husband, Ananias Dare, named the little girl Virginia. Virginia Dare was the first English baby born in the New World.

殖民者在罗阿诺克岛被困不到一个月后，约翰·怀特的女儿埃莉诺生了一个女孩。她和她的丈夫阿纳尼亚斯·戴尔给小女孩取名弗吉尼亚。弗吉尼亚·戴尔是第一个在新世界出生的英国婴儿。

For a little while, it seemed that the Roanoke Island colony might survive. But then the colonists attacked a group of friendly Native Americans because they thought that the Native Americans were dangerous. They were wrong. But after this disastrous mistake, the Indians refused to help the colonists find any more food.

有一小段时间，罗阿诺克岛殖民地似乎可能会生存下去。但后来殖民者攻击了一群友好的印第安人，因为他们认为印第安人很危险。他们错了。但在这个灾难性的错误之后，印第安人拒绝帮助殖民者寻找更多食物。

The colonists were afraid they would starve when winter came. So the colony voted to send John White back to England in one of the small boats. If he could make it back alive, he could get help: food, supplies, and more ships. If he left right away, perhaps he could even be back before winter was over.

殖民者担心冬天来临时他们会饿死。所以殖民地投票决定派约翰·怀特乘一条小船回英国。如果他能活着回去，他就能得到帮助：食物、物资和更多船只。如果他马上离开，也许甚至能在冬天结束前回来。

Then the colonists could go to the Chesapeake Bay, as they had originally planned. John White didn't want to leave his daughter and granddaughter on Roanoke Island. But the other colonists insisted. So in 1587, John White began the long, rough journey back across the Atlantic Ocean.

然后殖民者就可以按照原计划前往切萨皮克湾。约翰·怀特不想把女儿和孙女留在罗阿诺克岛上。但其他殖民者坚持。所以在1587年，约翰·怀特开始了横渡大西洋的漫长而艰难的旅程。

Three months later, he arrived in London. At once, he asked to see Sir Walter Raleigh, and told the great man what had happened. Raleigh began to collect supplies and ships to help the colonists. But his efforts took time. The winter dragged slowly by. Finally, in early spring, the ships were ready to sail.

三个月后，他到达了伦敦。他立即要求见沃尔特·雷利爵士，告诉这位伟人发生了什么。雷利开始收集物资和船只来帮助殖民者。但他的努力需要时间。冬天慢慢拖延过去。最后，在早春时节，船只准备起航。

John White could only hope that the colonists had survived the winter. But then disaster struck. England and Spain declared war on each other. Spanish ships sailed up and down the Atlantic, threatening any English ship that passed. And Queen Elizabeth took Raleigh's ships to help fight the Spanish.

约翰·怀特只能希望殖民者能熬过冬天。但然后灾难降临了。英国和西班牙互相宣战。西班牙船只在大西洋上来回航行，威胁任何经过的英国船只。伊丽莎白女王征用了雷利的船只来帮助对抗西班牙人。

John White couldn't get back to his colony for three more years! Finally, he begged to be taken aboard a warship which was headed to South America to raid Spanish colonies. John White spent months on this ship, waiting for it to head north.

约翰·怀特无法在三年内回到他的殖民地！最后，他恳求搭乘一艘前往南美洲袭击西班牙殖民地的军舰。约翰·怀特在这艘船上度过了几个月，等待它向北航行。

Finally, the ship made its way up to the Virginia coast to Roanoke Island. John White hoped to be greeted by the colonists at the shore. But the island was empty and still. He walked warily along the overgrown paths, towards the settlement.

最后，船只抵达弗吉尼亚海岸的罗阿诺克岛。约翰·怀特希望在岸边受到殖民者的迎接。但岛屿空荡荡的，一片寂静。他小心地沿着长满植物的小径向定居点走去。

But when he arrived, he found only gardens filled with weeds and the foundations of the houses. The wood, windows, and doors were completely gone. The colony had disappeared. John White was frantic with worry. But he saw no signs of fighting, and no bones or bodies.

但当他到达时，他只发现了长满杂草的花园和房屋的地基。木头、窗户和门都完全消失了。殖民地消失了。约翰·怀特疯狂地担心。但他没有看到战斗的迹象，也没有骨头或尸体。

And since there were no ruins, it seemed clear that the colonists had taken the houses down and moved them to another place. If they planned on building a new settlement, they would need the materials from their old homes. But where were they?

由于没有废墟，很明显殖民者拆除了房屋并把它们搬到了另一个地方。如果他们计划建立新的定居点，他们需要旧房屋的材料。但他们在哪里呢？

John White searched the whole island. He had told the colonists to carve a cross in a tree if they began to get into trouble, to serve as a message. But there was no cross anywhere. Finally he found his only clue: the word "Croatoan," whittled into the thick trunk of a tree at the settlement's edge.

约翰·怀特搜遍了整个岛屿。他曾告诉殖民者如果遇到麻烦就在树上雕刻一个十字架作为信息。但任何地方都没有十字架。最后他发现了唯一的线索：在定居点边缘一棵大树的粗树干上刻着"克罗地亚"这个词。

Perhaps the settlers had gone to nearby Croatoan Island, using their small boats to travel across the water a few at a time. But Croatoan Island was too small for the whole colony, and when his ship had passed it just days earlier, he had seen no sign of life.

也许定居者已经去了附近的克罗地亚岛，用他们的小船分批渡过水域。但克罗地亚岛对整个殖民地来说太小了，而且当他的船几天前经过那里时，他没有看到任何生命迹象。

Still, John White planned to go search Croatoan Island. But as his ship set out for the island, a hurricane blew up from the south and almost drowned everyone on board. For days, wind and rain lashed the ship, which almost sank. When the wind finally died down, the ship's captain insisted on going back to England right away.

尽管如此，约翰·怀特计划去搜索克罗地亚岛。但当他的船出发前往那个岛屿时，一场飓风从南方刮起，几乎淹死了船上的每个人。几天来，风雨猛烈冲击着船只，船只差点沉没。当风终于平息时，船长坚持立即返回英国。

Back in England, John White tried to convince Walter Raleigh to send another expedition to find out what had happened. But Raleigh couldn't find anyone willing to go. It was twenty years before another Englishman set foot on Roanoke Island. By then, the traces of the settlement were fading, and Croatoan Island was empty.

回到英国后，约翰·怀特试图说服沃尔特·雷利派遣另一支远征队去查明发生了什么。但雷利找不到任何愿意去的人。二十年后才有另一个英国人踏上罗阿诺克岛。到那时，定居点的痕迹正在消失，克罗地亚岛也是空的。

Many years afterwards, other English settlers heard different stories from the tribes near Roanoke Island. Some said that the colonists had been killed (although no bodies were ever seen). Others claimed that they had gone to live with nearby Native Americans. Rumors started that a blond-haired child had been seen living with a tribe near the Chesapeake Bay.

许多年后，其他英国定居者从罗阿诺克岛附近的部落那里听到了不同的故事。一些人说殖民者被杀死了（尽管从未见过尸体）。其他人声称他们去与附近的印第安人一起生活。有传言说在切萨皮克湾附近有人看到一个金发孩子与一个部落生活在一起。

But no one has ever solved this mystery for sure. The "Lost Colony" will always remain a puzzle.

但没有人能确定地解开这个谜团。"失踪的殖民地"将永远是一个谜。

[原书插图：英属北美殖民地地图，显示弗吉尼亚、罗阿诺克岛、切萨皮克湾和佛罗里达的位置]

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

历史专业词汇 / Historical Terms

empire

/ˈempaɪər/

中文：帝国
定义：A group of countries under one ruler
例句：The Spanish Empire stretched across many continents.

colonies

/ˈkɑːləniːz/

中文：殖民地
定义：Settlements established in new territory
例句：Spanish settlers built colonies in Central America.

settlers

/ˈsetlərz/

中文：定居者
定义：People who move to and establish homes in new land
例句：The settlers built homes and gardens in Virginia.

expeditions

/ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz/

中文：远征
定义：Organized journeys for exploration or war
例句：Elizabeth planned English expeditions to North America.

treason

/ˈtriːzən/

中文：叛国罪
定义：The crime of betraying one's country
例句：Raleigh was charged with treason by the new king.

Virginia Dare

/vərˈdʒɪnjə der/

中文：弗吉尼亚·戴尔
定义：First English child born in the Americas
例句：Virginia Dare was born on Roanoke Island in 1587.

地理相关词汇 / Geography Vocabulary

coast

/koʊst/

中文：海岸
定义：Land next to the ocean or sea
例句：They explored the coast of North America.

Roanoke Island

/ˈroʊənoʊk/

中文：罗阿诺克岛
定义：Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina
例句：The Lost Colony was established on Roanoke Island.

Chesapeake Bay

/ˈtʃesəpiːk/

中文：切萨皮克湾
定义：Large bay on the US east coast
例句：The colonists planned to settle near Chesapeake Bay.

horizon

/həˈraɪzən/

中文：地平线
定义：The line where the sky appears to meet the earth
例句：The ships were sighted on the horizon.

ocean

/ˈoʊʃən/

中文：海洋
定义：Large body of salt water
例句：They crossed the Atlantic Ocean to reach America.

基础生活词汇 / Basic Life Vocabulary

provisions

/prəˈvɪʒənz/

中文：物资供应
定义：Supplies, especially food and other necessities
例句：They loaded the ships with provisions for the journey.

tobacco

/təˈbækoʊ/

中文：烟草
定义：Plant whose leaves are dried and smoked
例句：The Indians taught them about tobacco smoking.

potatoes

/pəˈteɪtoʊz/

中文：土豆
定义：Round vegetables that grow underground
例句：They brought back potatoes from the New World.

crops

/krɑːps/

中文：庄稼
定义：Plants grown for food or other uses
例句：The fertile land was perfect for growing crops.

livestock

/ˈlaɪvstɑːk/

中文：牲畜
定义：Farm animals kept for use or profit
例句：They brought livestock to start farms in Virginia.

人物角色词汇 / People & Roles

knights

/naɪts/

中文：骑士
定义：Men given special honor by the monarch
例句：Sir Walter Raleigh was one of Elizabeth's favorite knights.

adventurers

/ədˈventʃərərz/

中文：冒险家
定义：People who seek exciting and dangerous experiences
例句：Spanish adventurers explored parts of America.

pirates

/ˈpaɪrəts/

中文：海盗
定义：People who attack and rob ships at sea
例句：Elizabeth gave pirates permission to attack Spanish ships.

captains

/ˈkæptənz/

中文：船长
定义：Officers in command of ships
例句：The ship's captains brought news from America.

colonists

/ˈkɑːlənəsts/

中文：殖民者
定义：People who establish or live in a colony
例句：The colonists struggled to survive in Virginia.

动作行为词汇 / Actions & Activities

explored

/ɪkˈsplɔːrd/

中文：探索
定义：Traveled through unknown territory to learn about it
例句：They explored the coast looking for good land.

anchored

/ˈæŋkərd/

中文：抛锚
定义：Secured a ship in place with an anchor
例句：The ships anchored near the island.

abandoned

/əˈbændənd/

中文：放弃的
定义：Left behind or given up
例句：They found the abandoned settlement overgrown with weeds.

stranded

/strændəd/

中文：被困
定义：Left without means of escape
例句：The colonists were stranded on the island.

disappeared

/ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

中文：消失
定义：Vanished completely from sight
例句：The entire colony had mysteriously disappeared.

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

总段落数：42 个段落
标注词汇数：78 个重点词汇
词汇表条目：25 个分类词汇卡片
时间标记：4 个历史年份标注 (1556, 1584, 1585, 1587)
特殊元素：1 个地图插图标记
词汇分类：历史专业、地理相关、基础生活、人物角色、动作行为
发音功能：所有标注词汇可点击发音
双语对照：完整英中对照格式