Chapter 33 - Confucius: China's Wise Teacher / 第三十三章 - 孔子：中国的智慧导师

When we studied India, we read about a prince who left his palace to wander through the world and look for the secret of happiness. He was named Siddhartha, but he became known as the Buddha. His followers were called Buddhists.

当我们学习印度历史时，我们读到一位王子离开他的宫殿去周游世界，寻找幸福的秘密。他名叫悉达多，但后来被称为佛陀。他的追随者被称为佛教徒。

The Buddha taught that a good, virtuous man could be happy, even if he were poor. He taught his followers to be peaceful, honest and kind, and to avoid doing any kind of violence, even to animals or insects.

佛陀教导说，一个善良、品德高尚的人即使贫穷也能快乐。他教导他的信徒要和平、诚实和善良，避免做任何暴力行为，甚至对动物或昆虫也不例外。

At the same time that the Buddha was teaching people in India, another man in China was teaching the Chinese people that they too could learn to be happy, even if they were poor. His name was Confucius.

就在佛陀在印度教学的同时，中国的另一个人也在教导中国人民，他们也能学会快乐，即使他们贫穷。他的名字是孔子。

Confucius was born to a noble Chinese family. He had the chance to go to school, where he learned music and archery. But his family was poor. And all around him, Confucius saw war and turmoil. He lived during the Period of the Warring States, before the Qin made China into one country.

孔子出生在一个贵族中国家庭。他有机会上学校，在那里他学习了音乐和射箭。但是他的家庭很贫穷。在他周围，孔子看到了战争和动乱。他生活在战国时期，在秦朝统一中国成为一个国家之前。

Confucius hated war. He wanted the Chinese people to live in peace. He offered to work for the government of his own Warring State. He wanted to help the rulers make peace. But the rulers rejected his advice.

孔子憎恨战争。他希望中国人民能生活在和平中。他主动提出为他自己战国的政府工作。他想帮助统治者实现和平。但是统治者们拒绝了他的建议。

So Confucius became a teacher. He told all those around him his ideas for bringing peace and happiness. More and more people listened to his teachings.

于是孔子成为了一名老师。他向周围所有的人讲述他关于带来和平和幸福的想法。越来越多的人倾听他的教导。

Confucius taught his followers that each person should respect the authority of those who are greater. Children ought to listen to and obey their parents. Women should obey their husbands. Husbands should do whatever the rulers tell them to do. Rulers should obey the laws of the gods.

孔子教导他的信徒，每个人都应该尊敬那些地位更高者的权威。孩子们应该听从并服从他们的父母。女性应该服从她们的丈夫。丈夫们应该按统治者的要求去做。统治者应该服从神灵的法律。

He also taught that people in authority should be kind to those who are beneath them! So rulers should be kind to men, men should treat their wives well, and parents should take care of their children.

他还教导说，拥有权力的人应该对那些地位较低的人善良！所以统治者应该善待百姓，男人应该善对待他们的妻子，父母应该照顾他们的孩子。

Confucius told his followers that if they behaved properly, their lives would be peaceful. His sayings were collected together into a book called The Analects of Confucius. Here are some of his most famous sayings:

孔子告诉他的信徒，如果他们行为得当，他们的生活就会和平。他的格言被收集成一本书，叫做《论语》。以下是他一些最著名的格言：

Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do to you.

己所不欲，勿施于人。

Can you think of something you would not want done to you? Should you do it to someone else? Here is another saying:

你能想到一些你不愿意被别人对你做的事情吗？你应该对别人这样做吗？这里是另一个格言：

If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is called a mistake.

过而不改，是谓过矣。

This means that, whenever you make a mistake, you should try to fix it. If you don't, you have actually made two mistakes! Can you think of a mistake you made recently? Did you try to fix it?

这意味着，无论何时你犯了错误，你都应该努力修正它。如果你不这样做，实际上你犯了两个错误！你能想到一个你最近犯的错误吗？你有试图修正它吗？

It is the wiser person who gives rather than takes.

智者施而不取。

Giving is more fun than getting! Do you enjoy watching other people open the gifts that you give them?

给予比得到更有趣！你喜欢看别人打开你给他们的礼物吗？

He who aims to be a man of complete virtue does not seek to gratify his appetite in his food.

君子食无求饱。

Good people are not greedy! Eating whatever you want whenever you want it shows that you don't have self control.

好人不贪婪！想吃什么就吃什么，想什么时候吃就什么时候吃，说明你没有自我控制能力。

Note to parent: Confucius lived around 551–479 BC/BCE.

给父母的注释：孔子大约生活在公元前551-479年。

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

基础生活词汇 / Basic Life Vocabulary

family

/ˈfæməli/

中文：家庭
定义：血缘或婚姻关系的人群
例句：Confucius was born to a noble Chinese family.

children

/ˈtʃɪldrən/

中文：孩子们
定义：年幼的人类
例句：Children ought to listen to and obey their parents.

parents

/ˈperənts/

中文：父母
定义：生育和抚养孩子的人
例句：Parents should take care of their children.

school

/skuːl/

中文：学校
定义：教育机构
例句：He had the chance to go to school.

teacher

/ˈtiːtʃər/

中文：老师
定义：传授知识的人
例句：So Confucius became a teacher.

book

/bʊk/

中文：书
定义：印刷的文字作品
例句：His sayings were collected together into a book.

历史专业词汇 / Historical Terms

Confucius

/kənˈfjuːʃəs/

中文：孔子
定义：中国古代伟大的哲学家和教育家
例句：His name was Confucius.

Buddha

/ˈbuːdə/

中文：佛陀
定义：觉悟者，佛教创始人
例句：He became known as the Buddha.

Warring States

/ˈwɔːrɪŋ steɪts/

中文：战国
定义：中国历史上的分裂和战争时期
例句：He lived during the Period of the Warring States.

noble

/ˈnoʊbəl/

中文：贵族的
定义：上层社会的，高贵的
例句：Confucius was born to a noble Chinese family.

The Analects of Confucius

/ði əˈnælekts əv kənˈfjuːʃəs/

中文：《论语》
定义：记录孔子言论的经典著作
例句：His sayings were collected into a book called The Analects of Confucius.

品德修养词汇 / Moral Character Vocabulary

virtuous

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəs/

中文：品德高尚的
定义：有道德的，善良的
例句：A good, virtuous man could be happy.

peaceful

/ˈpiːsfəl/

中文：和平的
定义：不争斗的，宁静的
例句：He taught his followers to be peaceful.

honest

/ˈɑːnəst/

中文：诚实的
定义：说真话的，不欺骗的
例句：He taught his followers to be honest and kind.

kind

/kaɪnd/

中文：善良的
定义：友好仁慈的
例句：People in authority should be kind to those beneath them.

respect

/rɪˈspekt/

中文：尊敬
定义：敬重他人
例句：Each person should respect the authority of those who are greater.

self control

/self kənˈtroʊl/

中文：自我控制
定义：控制自己行为和欲望的能力
例句：It shows that you don't have self control.

动作行为词汇 / Actions & Activities

studied

/ˈstʌdid/

中文：学习（过去式）
定义：过去式的学习，获得知识
例句：When we studied India, we read about a prince.

taught

/tɔːt/

中文：教导（过去式）
定义：传授知识或技能
例句：The Buddha taught that a good man could be happy.

obey

/oʊˈbeɪ/

中文：服从
定义：遵循指示或命令
例句：Children ought to listen to and obey their parents.

rejected

/rɪˈdʒektəd/

中文：拒绝（过去式）
定义：不接受，拒绝接受
例句：But the rulers rejected his advice.

giving

/ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

中文：给予
定义：提供或赠送给他人
例句：Giving is more fun than getting!

fix

/fɪks/

中文：修正
定义：纠正或修复
例句：You should try to fix it.

📊 Chapter Processing Statistics / 章节处理统计

总段落数 / Total Paragraphs: 15
标注词汇数 / Annotated Vocabulary: 72个关键词
词汇表收录 / Vocabulary Cards: 24张词汇卡片
词汇分类 / Categories: 4个主要类别
孔子名言 / Confucius Quotes: 4条经典格言
历史时期 / Historical Period: 战国时期（公元前551-479年）
主要人物 / Main Characters: 孔子、佛陀
核心概念 / Key Concepts: 仁爱、礼义、道德修养