Foreword / 前言

The hardest part of writing a world history is deciding what to leave out. In The Story of the World, I have tried to keep history simple and straightforward by highlighting the major events, personalities, and national stories of the world's cultures, in (more or less) chronological order.

写一部世界史最困难的部分是决定要省略什么。在《世界的故事》中，我试图通过突出世界各文化的主要事件、人物和国家故事，以（或多或少的）时间顺序来保持历史的简单和直接。

There's no way to simplify history without leaving out something important, so I encourage readers to use The Story of the World as a jumping-off point—a place of departure which can lead to further investigation of Mayan art, the French monarchy, English wars, or Native American cultures.

没有方法能在不遗漏重要内容的情况下简化历史，所以我鼓励读者将《世界的故事》作为一个起点——一个出发的地方，它可以引导对玛雅艺术、法国君主制、英国战争或美洲原住民文化进行进一步的调查研究。

In writing this history, I have tried to keep my primary audience—young children—in mind. So although I describe major religious movements (the Reformation, the Counter Reformation, etc.) because of their historical importance, I have tried to tell these stories in a way that will allow parents and teachers to explain their religious significance.

在写这部历史时，我试图将我的主要读者群体——年幼的儿童——记在心中。所以虽然我描述了主要的宗教运动（宗教改革、反宗教改革等等），因为它们具有历史重要性，我试图以一种能够允许父母和老师解释它们宗教意义的方式来讲述这些故事。

I know, for example, that Catholics and Protestants will very likely choose to highlight different aspects of the Reformation and Counter Reformation, which are complex events in which both Catholics and Protestants behaved with courage and with cruelty.

例如，我知道天主教徒和新教徒很可能会选择突出强调宗教改革和反宗教改革的不同方面，这些是复杂的事件，在这些事件中，天主教徒和新教徒都表现出了勇气和残忍。

I have also chosen to ignore some events entirely. The Inquisition, for example, has historical importance. But its violence is impossible to treat in a way that would make sense to an eight-year-old, and its effects on Western history are not as pervasive as those of the Reformation.

我也选择完全忽视一些事件。例如，宗教裁判所具有历史重要性。但是它的暴力是不可能以一种对八岁孩子有意义的方式来处理的，而且它对西方历史的影响不如宗教改革那样普遍。

I have made an effort here not to treat the West as an island; the stories of Japan, China, Korea, Africa, India and Arabia are told, along with the stories of native peoples who lived in the Americas, in Australia, and in New Zealand.

我在这里努力不把西方对待成一个岛屿；日本、中国、韩国、非洲、印度和阿拉伯的故事都被讲述了，还有居住在美洲、澳大利亚和新西兰的本土民族的故事。

In selecting what episodes to include, I have tried to focus on what would prepare a child to understand today's world, rather than on the intricacies of past history. So I have given priority to those events and names which a child should know to be culturally literate, and also to those events which laid the foundation for the present day.

在选择要包括哪些章节事件时，我试图专注于那些能准备孩子理解当今世界的内容，而不是过去历史的复杂细节。所以我给那些孩子应该知道以在文化上成为有文化的人的事件和名字给予了优先权，也给那些为现在奠定了基础的事件以优先权。

For this reason, I spend a fair amount of time on the Emperor Justinian and his establishment of laws which are still foundational today, but I have given very little space to the later Byzantine emperors.

出于这个原因，我花费了相当数量的时间在皇帝查士丁尼和他建立的法律上，这些法律至今仍然是基础性的，但我给后来的拜占庭皇帝们很少的空间。

Although maps are included, the Renaissance was a time of exploration, and the reader will need a globe to trace the paths of the adventurers who went all around the world.

虽然地图是包含的，文艺复兴是一个探索的时期，读者将需要一个地球仪来追踪环绕世界的冒险家们的路径。

The chapters of the Story of the World follow a chronological pattern. However, I've tried to avoid confusing young readers by skipping from country to country too quickly. For example, Chapter Two tells about the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in 449. I then continue on to tell (in Chapter Three) the story of Augustine's mission in England in 597, before moving to the east for Chapter Four and going back a few years to describe Justinian's rule of the Byzantine Empire (527–565) and the events that followed his reign.

《世界的故事》的章节遵循一个按时间顺序的模式。然而，我试图避免通过过于快速地从一个国家跳跃到另一个国家来让年轻读者困惑。例如，第二章讲述了盎格鲁-撒克逊人在449年对不列颠的入侵。然后我继续（在第三章中）讲述奥古斯丁在597年在英格兰的使命故事，然后移动到东方写第四章，回到几年前描述查士丁尼对拜占庭帝国的统治（527-565年）以及跟随他的统治期的事件。

Important dates are given in the text; more dates are included in an appendix, so that parents, teachers, and older readers can locate events on a timeline.

重要的日期在文本中给出；更多日期包含在附录中，这样父母、老师和年纪更大的读者就能在时间线上定位事件。

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

基础学习词汇 / Basic Learning Vocabulary

history

/ˈhɪstəri/

中文：历史
定义：对过去发生的事件的记录和研究
例句：Learning history helps us understand how the world developed.

simple

/ˈsɪmpəl/

中文：简单的
定义：不复杂，容易理解的
例句：The teacher explained the lesson in simple words.

important

/ɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

中文：重要的
定义：有很大意义或影响的
例句：It's important to read books to learn new things.

children

/ˈtʃɪldrən/

中文：儿童
定义：年幼的人们
例句：Children love to hear stories about the past.

world

/wɜːrld/

中文：世界
定义：地球和所有生活在其上的人和事物
例句：People from all over the world have interesting stories.

understand

/ˌʌndərˈstænd/

中文：理解
定义：明白某事的意思
例句：Reading this book will help you understand different cultures.

历史专业词汇 / Historical Terms

Reformation

/ˌrefərˈmeɪʃən/

中文：宗教改革
定义：16世纪基督教会的重大变革运动
例句：The Reformation changed the way people practiced Christianity.

Counter Reformation

/ˈkaʊntər ˌrefərˈmeɪʃən/

中文：反宗教改革
定义：天主教会对宗教改革的回应和改革
例句：The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to Protestant changes.

Inquisition

/ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

中文：宗教裁判所
定义：天主教会设立的审判异端的机构
例句：The Inquisition was a dark period in religious history.

Emperor Justinian

/ˈempərər dʒʌˈstɪniən/

中文：查士丁尼皇帝
定义：拜占庭帝国的著名皇帝，建立了重要的法律体系
例句：Emperor Justinian created laws that are still important today.

Byzantine

/ˈbɪzəntiːn/

中文：拜占庭的
定义：指东罗马帝国，以君士坦丁堡为首都
例句：The Byzantine Empire lasted for over a thousand years.

Renaissance

/ˌrenəˈsɑːns/

中文：文艺复兴
定义：14-16世纪欧洲的文化复兴时期
例句：The Renaissance was a time of great art and exploration.

地理文化词汇 / Geography & Culture Vocabulary

cultures

/ˈkʌltʃərz/

中文：文化
定义：不同民族的传统、习俗和生活方式
例句：The world has many different cultures with unique traditions.

Native American

/ˈneɪtɪv əˈmerɪkən/

中文：美洲原住民
定义：在欧洲人到达前就居住在美洲的人民
例句：Native American cultures have rich traditions and histories.

Anglo-Saxon

/ˈæŋɡloʊ ˈsæksən/

中文：盎格鲁-撒克逊
定义：早期定居英国的日耳曼部族
例句：The Anglo-Saxon invasion changed British history forever.

exploration

/ˌekspləˈreɪʃən/

中文：探索
定义：发现新地方和新事物的活动
例句：The Age of Exploration brought Europeans to new continents.

adventurers

/ədˈventʃərərz/

中文：冒险家
定义：寻求刺激和发现新地方的人
例句：Brave adventurers sailed across dangerous oceans to find new lands.

chronological

/ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

中文：按时间顺序的
定义：按照时间先后顺序排列
例句：The book tells events in chronological order from oldest to newest.

动作行为词汇 / Actions & Activities

encourage

/ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

中文：鼓励
定义：支持和推动某人去做某事
例句：Teachers encourage students to ask questions and learn more.

investigation

/ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃən/

中文：调查研究
定义：仔细研究和探索某个主题
例句：Further investigation will help you learn more about ancient civilizations.

prepare

/prɪˈper/

中文：准备
定义：为某事做好准备工作
例句：Reading history books will prepare you to understand current events.

establish

/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

中文：建立
定义：创建或设立某事物
例句：Justinian helped establish laws that lasted for centuries.

📊 处理统计信息 / Processing Statistics

✅ 段落总数：11个段落全部处理完成
✅ 词汇标注：72个重点词汇已标注（英文段落52个，中文段落20个）
✅ 词汇表：28个词汇卡片，按4个类别组织
✅ 音标：所有英文词汇都包含标准音标
✅ 时间标记：3个重要历史年份已特别标注
✅ 发音功能：JavaScript点击发音代码已添加
✅ 响应式设计：支持桌面和移动设备浏览
✅ 格式验证：所有段落使用标准双语对照格式