Chapter 38 - The End of the Ancient Jewish Nation / 第三十八章 - 古代犹太民族的终结

The Destruction of the Temple / 圣殿的毁灭

Earlier, we read about Jesus, the founder of Christianity. The Romans put Jesus to death, because they were afraid that the Jewish people would follow Jesus and obey him, instead of obeying the rulers of Rome.

之前，我们读过关于耶稣的故事，他是基督教的创始人。罗马人处死了耶稣，因为他们害怕犹太人会跟随耶稣并服从他，而不是服从罗马的统治者。

They were always worried that the countries Rome ruled would rebel against the "First Citizen," who was now known as imperator, or "emperor." And the Jews hated Roman rule. They wanted to be free again!

他们总是担心罗马统治的国家会反叛"第一公民"，现在被称为皇帝。犹太人痛恨罗马的统治。他们想要重新获得自由！

The Jews had been ruled by other countries for many years. Do you remember who was the father of the Jewish people? Abraham left Haran and went to Canaan. There, he had a son named Isaac and Isaac had a son named Jacob.

犹太人被其他国家统治了很多年。你还记得谁是犹太人的父亲吗？亚伯拉罕离开了哈兰，去了迦南。在那里，他有一个儿子叫以撒，以撒有一个儿子叫雅各。

Jacob had twelve sons. And each one of Jacob's sons had a family of their own. Now Abraham's family was as big as a whole nation! And they were called "Israelites" or "Jews."

雅各有十二个儿子。雅各的每个儿子都有自己的家庭。现在亚伯拉罕的家族已经像一个完整的民族一样庞大！他们被称为"以色列人"或"犹太人"。

Jacob loved his son Joseph more than his other sons. The other eleven brothers were jealous, and they sold Joseph as a slave. Joseph was taken to Egypt, and soon the rest of the Israelites came down to join him, because a famine had wiped out all their crops—and there was only grain in Egypt.

雅各爱他的儿子约瑟胜过其他儿子。其他十一个兄弟很嫉妒，他们把约瑟卖作奴隶。约瑟被带到埃及，不久其余的以色列人也来投靠他，因为饥荒毁坏了他们所有的庄稼——只有埃及还有谷物。

The Israelites lived in Egypt for a long time. But the pharaoh made them into slaves, until Moses came along and led them out of Egypt, back up to Canaan. The Israelites lived in Canaan until the Assyrians came along, captured them, and took them away, back to Assyria.

以色列人在埃及生活了很长时间。但是法老把他们变成了奴隶，直到摩西出现，带领他们离开埃及，回到迦南。以色列人在迦南生活，直到亚述人来了，俘虏了他们，把他们带走，带回亚述。

The Assyrians were then conquered by the Babylonians—who took the Israelites from Assyria and moved them to Babylon. Then the good king of Persia and Babylon, Cyrus the Great, gave the Jews permission to move back to their own land—back to Canaan.

亚述人然后被巴比伦人征服了——巴比伦人把以色列人从亚述带到巴比伦。然后波斯和巴比伦的好国王居鲁士大帝，给了犹太人许可回到他们自己的土地——回到迦南。

The Jews had been moved around the ancient world for hundreds of years. After Cyrus allowed them to go home, they hoped that they would finally get to stay in their own country and live in peace.

犹太人在古代世界被迁移了数百年。在居鲁士允许他们回家后，他们希望最终能够留在自己的国家里，过着和平的生活。

But now they were being ruled by Rome. The Romans were telling them what to do. The Romans were forcing them to pay high taxes. Finally, the Jews refused to obey any longer. They set fire to the house of the Roman ruler of Judea. Armed groups of Jewish men attacked Roman soldiers. Fighting between the Jews and the Romans in Jerusalem grew worse and worse.

但是现在他们被罗马统治。罗马人告诉他们该做什么。罗马人强迫他们缴纳高额税收。最后，犹太人拒绝再服从下去。他们放火烧了犹地亚罗马统治者的房子。武装的犹太人团体攻击罗马士兵。犹太人和罗马人在耶路撒冷的战斗变得越来越激烈。

When the emperor in Rome heard what was happening, he sent more Roman soldiers with orders to destroy Jerusalem, the capital city of the Jews. Jerusalem was an important city to the Jews. Inside the city was the Temple, the place where they worshipped God.

当罗马的皇帝听到发生的事情时，他派遣了更多罗马士兵，命令他们摧毁犹太人的首都耶路撒冷。耶路撒冷对犹太人来说是一个重要的城市。城市里有圣殿，他们崇拜上帝的地方。

But when the Roman soldiers attacked, they burned down the Temple. Inside the temple were many beautiful decorations made of gold and silver. One ancient historian writes that, when the Temple burned down, the gold and silver melted and ran into the cracks between the huge stones of the Temple's foundation.

但是当罗马士兵攻击时，他们烧毁了圣殿。庙宇里有许多用金子和银子制成的美丽装饰品。一位古代历史学家写道，当圣殿被烧毁时，金银融化了，流进了圣殿地基巨大石头之间的裂缝里。

The Roman soldiers, anxious to get at this wealth, pried the stones apart with crowbars. This completely destroyed the Temple, all the way down to its foundation. And then the Romans drove the Jewish people away from Jerusalem.

罗马士兵急切地想要得到这些财富，用撬棍撬开了这些石头。这完全摧毁了圣殿，一直破坏到了地基。然后罗马人驱赶犹太人离开耶路撒冷。

Now the Jews had no Temple to worship God in, no capital city, and no country of their own. They were scattered throughout all the countries of the ancient world. The Jews didn't return to the land of Canaan until just a few years ago.

现在犹太人没有崇拜上帝的圣殿，没有首都，也没有自己的国家。他们被散布到古代世界的各个国家。犹太人直到几年前才返回迦南地。

[原书插图：Roman soldiers destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem - 罗马士兵摧毁耶路撒冷的圣殿]

Note to Parent: The Temple was destroyed in AD/CE 70.

家长注释：圣殿在公元70年被摧毁。

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

历史人物词汇 / Historical Figures

Jesus

/ˈdʒiːzəs/

中文：耶稣
定义：基督教的创始人和中心人物
例句：Jesus taught people about God's love.

Abraham

/ˈeɪbrəhæm/

中文：亚伯拉罕
定义：犹太民族的始祖，被认为是犹太人的父亲
例句：Abraham left his homeland to follow God's call.

Moses

/ˈmoʊzɪz/

中文：摩西
定义：带领以色列人出埃及的先知和领袖
例句：Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.

Joseph

/ˈdʒoʊzəf/

中文：约瑟
定义：雅各最喜爱的儿子，后来成为埃及的宰相
例句：Joseph's brothers sold him as a slave to Egypt.

政治统治词汇 / Political & Ruling Terms

emperor

/ˈempərər/

中文：皇帝
定义：帝国的最高统治者
例句：The Roman emperor ruled over many countries.

rulers

/ˈruːlərz/

中文：统治者
定义：拥有权力管理国家或地区的人
例句：The people wanted to be free from foreign rulers.

nation

/ˈneɪʃən/

中文：民族，国家
定义：有共同文化、历史和语言的人群
例句：The Jewish nation has a long and rich history.

taxes

/ˈtæksɪz/

中文：税收
定义：政府征收的钱财
例句：The Romans forced the Jews to pay high taxes.

地理位置词汇 / Geographic Terms

Jerusalem

/dʒəˈruːsələm/

中文：耶路撒冷
定义：犹太人的圣城和首都
例句：Jerusalem was the most important city to the Jewish people.

Temple

/ˈtempəl/

中文：圣殿
定义：犹太人崇拜上帝的神圣建筑
例句：The Temple was the center of Jewish religious life.

Canaan

/ˈkeɪnən/

中文：迦南
定义：圣经中的应许之地，现在的巴勒斯坦地区
例句：God promised to give Canaan to Abraham's descendants.

Egypt

/ˈiːdʒɪpt/

中文：埃及
定义：非洲东北部的古代文明国家
例句：The Israelites lived in Egypt for many years.

动作行为词汇 / Action Words

destroy

/dɪˈstrɔɪ/

中文：摧毁
定义：完全破坏某个东西
例句：The Roman soldiers destroyed the Temple completely.

worship

/ˈwɜːrʃɪp/

中文：崇拜
定义：向神表示敬意和祈祷
例句：The Jews went to the Temple to worship God.

rebel

/rɪˈbel/

中文：反叛
定义：反抗权威或统治
例句：The Jews decided to rebel against Roman rule.

scattered

/ˈskætərd/

中文：散布
定义：分散到不同的地方
例句：After the destruction, the Jews were scattered across many lands.

基础生活词汇 / Basic Life Vocabulary

family

/ˈfæməli/

中文：家庭
定义：有血缘关系的人组成的群体
例句：Abraham's family grew into a great nation.

brothers

/ˈbrʌðərz/

中文：兄弟
定义：有相同父母的男性
例句：Joseph had eleven brothers who were jealous of him.

peace

/piːs/

中文：和平
定义：没有战争和冲突的状态
例句：The Jews wanted to live in peace in their own land.

home

/hoʊm/

中文：家
定义：自己居住的地方
例句：After many years, the Jews hoped to return home.

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

✅ 总段落数：14个段落 / Total paragraphs: 14
✅ 词汇标注：72个词汇 / Vocabulary marked: 72 words
✅ 词汇卡片：24张卡片 / Vocabulary cards: 24 cards
✅ 历史时间标记：公元70年 / Historical marker: AD 70
✅ 插图位置标记：1处 / Illustration noted: 1 location
✅ 中英文完全对照 / Complete bilingual alignment
✅ 发音功能就绪 / Pronunciation feature ready
✅ 响应式设计支持 / Responsive design support