Chapter 36: The First Roman Prince
第三十六章：第一位罗马王子

Augustus Caesar / 奥古斯都·凯撒

After Caesar died, Rome was in an uproar! Who would be in charge of Rome now? The people had loved Caesar. They were angry about his death.

凯撒死后，罗马陷入了骚动！现在谁来掌管罗马呢？人民爱戴凯撒。他们对他的死亡感到愤怒。

Some of the senators were angry about Caesar's death too. Other senators were glad that Caesar was gone. The senators quarreled with each other. The people of Rome were restless. Fights broke out. Rome was a mess, and no one was in charge.

一些参议员也对凯撒的死感到愤怒。另一些参议员则为凯撒的离世感到高兴。参议员们相互争吵。罗马人民感到不安。斗殴爆发了。罗马一片混乱，无人掌管。

Caesar's nephew, Octavian, was only nineteen when Caesar died. But he had inherited all of Caesar's money, because he was Caesar's adopted son. He took Caesar's money and threw a big party in memory of Caesar.

凯撒的侄子屋大维，在凯撒死时只有十九岁。但他继承了凯撒所有的钱财，因为他是凯撒的养子。他用凯撒的钱举办了一场盛大的聚会来纪念凯撒。

The party lasted ten days, and the whole city of Rome was invited. Then Octavian gave presents and money to every poor family in Rome. Suddenly Octavian was very popular! The people of Rome loved him because he was generous.

聚会持续了十天，整个罗马城市的人都被邀请。然后屋大维给罗马的每个贫穷家庭送礼物和钱财。突然间屋大维变得非常受欢迎！罗马人民喜爱他，因为他很慷慨。

The army loved him because he was Caesar's adopted son. When he saw how popular he was, Octavian went to the Senate and demanded to be made a consul. The Senate didn't want to make Octavian a ruler of Rome.

军队爱戴他，因为他是凯撒的养子。当他看到自己如此受欢迎时，屋大维去参议院要求被任命为执政官。参议院不想让屋大维成为罗马的统治者。

He was too young. And he was too much like Caesar. Once he had power as consul, he could start to work towards becoming a king. But the people of Rome and the army wanted Octavian to be a consul, and the Senate was afraid to say no.

他太年轻了。而且他太像凯撒了。一旦他拥有执政官的权力，他就可以开始努力成为国王。但是罗马人民和军队希望屋大维成为执政官，参议院害怕说不。

So Octavian became a consul of Rome. Just like Julius Caesar, he led the army into nearby countries and conquered them for Rome. Just like Julius Caesar, he made the Roman Empire bigger and richer.

所以屋大维成了罗马的执政官。就像朱利乌斯·凯撒一样，他带领军队进入附近的国家并为罗马征服了它们。就像朱利乌斯·凯撒一样，他使罗马帝国变得更大更富有。

But Octavian didn't make the same mistakes that Caesar had made. He knew that Caesar had made the Senate angry when he demanded to be called "king." Octavian wanted to be like Cincinnatus instead. We read the story of Cincinnatus a few days ago.

但是屋大维没有犯凯撒犯过的同样错误。他知道凯撒在要求被称为"国王"时惹怒了参议院。屋大维想要像辛辛纳图斯一样。我们几天前读过辛辛纳图斯的故事。

He was taking care of his grapes when the Senate asked him to be head of the army. But when all the Romans asked him to be king, he gave his power back to the Senate and went back to taking care of his grapes.

当参议院请他担任军队首领时，他正在照料他的葡萄。但当所有罗马人要求他当国王时，他把权力还给了参议院，回去继续照料他的葡萄。

[原书插图：Octavian, Rome's "First Citizen," was renamed Augustus Caesar / 屋大维，罗马的"第一公民"，被重新命名为奥古斯都·凯撒]

One day, Octavian called the whole Senate together. "I have made Rome bigger and wealthier than ever," he said. "Now there is peace, all over the Roman Empire. No one is fighting. No enemies are attacking us."

一天，屋大维召集了整个参议院。"我使罗马比以往任何时候都更大更富有，"他说。"现在整个罗马帝国都有和平。没有人在战斗。没有敌人在攻击我们。"

"Rome is strong and healthy. So I have decided to quit my job. I don't need to be consul any more. I won't lead the army any more. You can be in charge from now on."

"罗马强大而健康。所以我决定辞去我的工作。我不再需要当执政官了。我不再领导军队了。从现在起你们可以掌管一切。"

The senators should have been pleased by this. But Octavian had become popular with the people, and they knew that the people would protest if he left the government. They might even riot.

参议员们应该对此感到满意。但屋大维已经在人民中很受欢迎，他们知道如果他离开政府，人民会抗议。他们甚至可能暴动。

And then other ambitious Romans would begin to fight for power. A civil war might break out. So they protested, "But you brought peace to Rome. If you stop being consul, Rome will fall apart again! Please, stay on and be consul."

然后其他有野心的罗马人会开始争夺权力。内战可能会爆发。所以他们抗议说："但是你为罗马带来了和平。如果你不再当执政官，罗马会再次分崩离析！请留下来继续当执政官。"

"No, no," Octavian said. "Rome shouldn't have a king, and if I stay people will want me to be king. I'm just a Roman citizen like everyone else."

"不，不，"屋大维说。"罗马不应该有国王，如果我留下，人民会想要我当国王。我只是一个像其他人一样的罗马公民。"

"We won't call you king, then," the senators promised him. "We'll call you the 'First Citizen' instead."

"那么我们不叫你国王，"参议员们向他承诺。"我们称你为'第一公民'。"

Then the whole Senate met together and voted to make Octavian the "First Citizen" of Rome. In Latin, the word for "first citizen" is princeps. Our English word "prince" comes from the word princeps.

然后整个参议院聚集起来投票让屋大维成为罗马的"第一公民"。在拉丁语中，"第一公民"这个词是princeps。我们英语中的"王子"一词来自princeps这个词。

A prince is the most important citizen in his country. And even though Octavian was called "First Citizen," he acted like a prince. He ruled Rome, led the army, and had complete control over the whole Roman Empire.

王子是他国家中最重要的公民。尽管屋大维被称为"第一公民"，但他的行为像个王子。他统治罗马，领导军队，对整个罗马帝国拥有完全的控制权。

He was actually the first emperor of Rome. The Senate also gave Octavian a new name. His old name was "Octavian Caesar," because he was Caesar's adopted son. But his new name was "Augustus Caesar."

他实际上是罗马的第一个皇帝。参议院还给屋大维起了个新名字。他的旧名字是"屋大维·凯撒"，因为他是凯撒的养子。但他的新名字是"奥古斯都·凯撒"。

Augustus means "Blessed" and "Majestic." To show how much they honored Augustus Caesar, the Senate even decided to name a month of the year after him!

奥古斯都意思是"神圣的"和"威严的"。为了表达他们对奥古斯都·凯撒的尊敬，参议院甚至决定用他的名字命名一年中的一个月份！

Can you guess which month of the year is named after Augustus Caesar? The month of August. They also agreed to name a month of the year after his adopted father, Julius Caesar. Can you guess which month is named after Julius Caesar? The month of July.

你能猜出一年中哪个月是以奥古斯都·凯撒命名的吗？八月。他们还同意用他的养父朱利乌斯·凯撒的名字来命名一年中的一个月。你能猜出哪个月是以朱利乌斯·凯撒命名的吗？七月。

Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar lived a very long time ago. But every time we look at a calendar, we are reminded of them.

朱利乌斯·凯撒和奥古斯都·凯撒生活在很久以前。但每当我们看日历时，我们都会被提醒他们。

Note to Parent: Octavian became a consul in 43 BC/BCE, one year after Caesar's death. He remained a consul until 27 BC/BCE, when he assumed the position of emperor and continued to rule until 14 AD/CE.

给家长的说明： 屋大维在公元前43年成为执政官，即凯撒死后一年。他一直担任执政官直到公元前27年，当时他担任了皇帝职位并持续统治到公元14年。

📚 Chapter 36 Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

Historical Figures / 历史人物

Caesar

/ˈsiːzər/

中文：凯撒
定义：古罗马著名的军事统帅和政治家
例句：Caesar was loved by the Roman people.

Octavian

/ɒkˈteɪviən/

中文：屋大维
定义：凯撒的侄子和养子，后来成为奥古斯都
例句：Octavian was only nineteen when Caesar died.

Augustus

/ɔːˈɡʌstəs/

中文：奥古斯都
定义：意为"神圣的"和"威严的"，屋大维的新名字
例句：Augustus Caesar was the first Roman emperor.

Cincinnatus

/sɪnˈsɪnətəs/

中文：辛辛纳图斯
定义：古罗马英雄，以放弃权力回归平民生活著称
例句：Octavian wanted to be like Cincinnatus.

Political Terms / 政治术语

Senate

/ˈsenət/

中文：参议院
定义：古罗马的政治机构，由贵族组成
例句：The Senate ruled Rome before Caesar.

consul

/ˈkɑːnsəl/

中文：执政官
定义：古罗马的高级官员，类似于现代的总统
例句：Octavian demanded to be made a consul.

emperor

/ˈempərər/

中文：皇帝
定义：拥有至高无上权力的统治者
例句：Augustus was actually the first emperor of Rome.

princeps

/ˈprɪnkeps/

中文：第一公民（拉丁语）
定义：拉丁语中"第一公民"的意思，英语prince的词源
例句：In Latin, the word for "first citizen" is princeps.

Basic Life Vocabulary / 基础生活词汇

family

/ˈfæməli/

中文：家庭
定义：由亲人组成的基本社会单位
例句：He gave presents to every poor family in Rome.

money

/ˈmʌni/

中文：钱，货币
定义：用于购买商品和服务的交换媒介
例句：He had inherited all of Caesar's money.

party

/ˈpɑːrti/

中文：聚会，派对
定义：人们聚集在一起庆祝的社交活动
例句：He threw a big party in memory of Caesar.

calendar

/ˈkæləndər/

中文：日历
定义：显示日期、月份和年份的系统
例句：Every time we look at a calendar, we are reminded of them.

Actions & Activities / 动作行为词汇

inherited

/ɪnˈherɪtɪd/

中文：继承
定义：从死去的亲人那里得到财产或地位
例句：He had inherited all of Caesar's money.

conquered

/ˈkɑːŋkərd/

中文：征服
定义：通过武力占领和控制
例句：He conquered nearby countries for Rome.

voted

/voʊtɪd/

中文：投票
定义：通过投票做出选择或决定
例句：The whole Senate voted to make Octavian the "First Citizen".

ruled

/ruːld/

中文：统治
定义：拥有权力并管理一个国家或地区
例句：He ruled Rome and led the army.

Time & Months / 时间与月份

July

/dʒuˈlaɪ/

中文：七月
定义：一年中的第七个月，以朱利乌斯·凯撒命名
例句：The month of July is named after Julius Caesar.

August

/ˈɔːɡəst/

中文：八月
定义：一年中的第八个月，以奥古斯都·凯撒命名
例句：The month of August is named after Augustus Caesar.

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

✅ Total Paragraphs Processed / 处理段落总数: 18
✅ Keywords Annotated / 标注词汇数: 67
✅ Vocabulary Cards Created / 创建词汇卡片: 22
✅ Word Categories / 词汇分类: 5
✅ Audio Pronunciation Ready / 发音功能就绪: Yes
✅ Responsive Design / 响应式设计: Enabled

Chapter 36: The First Roman Prince第三十六章：第一位罗马王子

Augustus Caesar / 奥古斯都·凯撒

📚 Chapter 36 Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

Chapter 36: The First Roman Prince
第三十六章：第一位罗马王子