Chapter 13 - The New Kingdom of Egypt / 第十三章 - 埃及新王国

The General and the Woman Pharaoh / 将军与女法老

After the Egyptians learned how to fight from the Hyksos, the New Kingdom of Egypt got more and more powerful.

在埃及人从喜克索斯人那里学会了如何战斗之后，埃及的新王国变得越来越强大。

This is sometimes called the "Golden Age of Egypt," because Egypt was richer than ever before. Pharaoh after pharaoh came to the throne, ruled well, and kept the New Kingdom of Egypt strong.

这有时被称为"埃及黄金时代"，因为埃及比以往任何时候都更富有。一个又一个法老登上王座，治理良好，保持埃及新王国的强大。

We could never learn about all of these pharaohs! But we are going to read about two of the most interesting pharaohs: Thutmose I and his daughter, Hatshepsut.

我们永远无法了解所有这些法老！但我们将读到两位最有趣的法老：图特摩斯一世和他的女儿哈特谢普苏特。

THUTMOSE I: THE GENERAL / 图特摩斯一世：将军

Before he became pharaoh, Thutmose I was a general in the Egyptian army. Leading the army into wars was what he did best. And he liked to fight!

在成为法老之前，图特摩斯一世是埃及军队中的一名将军。率领军队进行战争是他最擅长的事。而且他喜欢战斗！

Thutmose helped the Egyptian princes drive the Hyksos out of Egypt. When the leader of the Egyptian princes became king, Thutmose was his right-hand man. Then Thutmose married his daughter! And when the king died, Thutmose became the new pharaoh of Egypt. His rule began around 1524 BC/BCE.

图特摩斯帮助埃及王子们将喜克索斯人赶出了埃及。当埃及王子们的领袖成为国王时，图特摩斯是他的得力助手。然后图特摩斯娶了他的女儿！当国王去世时，图特摩斯成为了埃及的新法老。他的统治大约始于公元前1524年。

Thutmose decided that his job as pharaoh was to make Egypt's empire even bigger by conquering other countries. Thutmose's first battles were against the Nubians, who were trying to break away from Egypt.

图特摩斯决定，作为法老，他的工作就是通过征服其他国家来使埃及的帝国变得更大。图特摩斯的第一次战斗是对抗努比亚人，他们试图脱离埃及。

He went down and conquered the Nubian chiefs and reminded them that they were still part of Egypt. But that wasn't enough for Thutmose. Next, he took his army and followed the Hyksos all the way up to Canaan.

他南下征服了努比亚酋长，并提醒他们仍然是埃及的一部分。但这对图特摩斯来说还不够。接下来，他带着军队追随喜克索斯人一直到达迦南。

He defeated the tribes living in the south part of Canaan and made the land part of Egypt. Thutmose was very pleased with himself. The Hyksos had come down and taken over Egypt. Now he had gone up and taken over the land of the Hyksos.

他击败了生活在迦南南部的部落，并将这片土地纳入埃及。图特摩斯对自己非常满意。喜克索斯人曾经南下占领了埃及。现在他北上占领了喜克索斯人的土地。

[原书插图：图特摩斯一世的画像，展示法老的传统头饰和胡须]

The victory made him so happy that he wanted to keep on fighting. He turned his army east, and he started to march. He conquered land all the way to the Euphrates River. But he didn't cross the river—because Babylon was ruling between the Tigris and the Euphrates.

这次胜利让他如此高兴，以至于他想要继续战斗。他将军队转向东方，开始行军。他征服了一直到幼发拉底河的土地。但他没有穿越这条河——因为巴比伦统治着底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的地区。

Thutmose knew better than to start a fight with Babylon. By the time Thutmose died, Egypt was twice as big as it had been!

图特摩斯明智地没有与巴比伦开战。到图特摩斯去世时，埃及的面积是原来的两倍！

HATSHEPSUT: THE WOMAN WHO PRETENDED TO BE A MAN / 哈特谢普苏特：假扮男人的女人

Hatshepsut was a princess of Egypt—the daughter of a pharaoh. Her father Thutmose was one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs. Thutmose had three children, but his favorite child was his daughter, Hatshepsut.

哈特谢普苏特是埃及的一位公主——法老的女儿。她的父亲图特摩斯是埃及最伟大的法老之一。图特摩斯有三个孩子，但他最喜爱的孩子是他的女儿哈特谢普苏特。

Hatshepsut loved to listen to her father's stories of battles and conquest. She wanted to grow up to be pharaoh too. But back in ancient times, most people thought that women were too weak to rule countries.

哈特谢普苏特喜欢听她父亲讲述战斗和征服的故事。她也想长大后成为法老。但在古代，大多数人认为女人太软弱，无法统治国家。

In ancient Egypt, women were allowed to get married and have children. If they didn't want to get married, they could work at the temple, serving the gods. Or they could become dancers. But those were the only jobs women could have.

在古埃及，女人被允许结婚和生孩子。如果她们不想结婚，她们可以在神庙工作，侍奉神灵。或者她们可以成为舞者。但这些是女人唯一能从事的工作。

So when the pharaoh Thutmose died, Hatshepsut's brother became the next pharaoh. Hatshepsut didn't think this was fair. Her brother was sick most of the time, and he didn't pay much attention to his job ruling Egypt.

所以当法老图特摩斯去世时，哈特谢普苏特的兄弟成为了下一任法老。哈特谢普苏特认为这不公平。她的兄弟大部分时间都在生病，他对统治埃及的工作没有给予太多关注。

"I would be a better pharaoh than my brother!" she told herself. "But he is a man, and I am a woman. Will I ever get the chance to show what a good ruler I can be?"

"我会比我兄弟更好的法老！"她对自己说。"但他是男人，而我是女人。我有机会展示我能成为多好的统治者吗？"

Hatshepsut's brother got sicker and sicker, and one day he died. He had only been pharaoh for four years. Before he died, he told Hatshepsut that he wanted his son to be the next pharaoh. But his son was just a baby.

哈特谢普苏特的兄弟越来越病重，有一天他去世了。他只当了四年法老。在他去世之前，他告诉哈特谢普苏特，他希望他的儿子成为下一任法老。但他的儿子只是个婴儿。

So Hatshepsut said to the Egyptians, "I will help my brother's son rule Egypt until he is old enough to be pharaoh on his own." The Egyptian people agreed, and Hatshepsut was finally able to rule Egypt. She wasn't the real pharaoh; everyone knew that her nephew would soon be old enough to rule.

所以哈特谢普苏特对埃及人说："我将帮助我兄弟的儿子统治埃及，直到他长大到能够独自成为法老。"埃及人民同意了，哈特谢普苏特终于能够统治埃及了。她不是真正的法老；每个人都知道她的侄子很快就会长大到能够统治。

But when that day came, Hatshepsut announced that she would not give up the throne. "My father always meant me to be the Crown Prince," she told her people. "He wanted me to become pharaoh, rather than my brother."

但当那一天到来时，哈特谢普苏特宣布她不会放弃王座。"我父亲一直想让我成为王储，"她告诉她的人民。"他希望我成为法老，而不是我的兄弟。"

"You can't do that!" the people in the palace said. "Only men can be pharaohs!" Hatshepsut answered, "But the god Amon-Ra told me that I would rule Egypt. He said, 'Welcome, my sweet daughter, my favorite, the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. Hatshepsut, you are the Pharaoh!' So the gods themselves want me to rule Egypt!"

"你不能这样做！"宫殿里的人说。"只有男人才能当法老！"哈特谢普苏特回答说："但是神阿蒙·拉告诉我，我将统治埃及。他说，'欢迎，我甜美的女儿，我的最爱，上下埃及的统治者。哈特谢普苏特，你就是法老！'所以神灵们自己希望我统治埃及！"

"But no woman has ever been pharaoh!" the people complained. "Then pretend I am a man," Hatshepsut said. And she started to wear men's clothing. Whenever she sat on the throne, she even put on a false beard.

"但从来没有女人当过法老！"人们抱怨道。"那就假装我是男人，"哈特谢普苏特说。她开始穿男人的服装。每当她坐在王座上时，她甚至戴上假胡须。

Hatshepsut was so determined to be pharaoh that the Egyptians finally agreed to have her as their ruler. For over twenty years, Hatshepsut ruled Egypt—a queen pretending to be a king. She didn't fight any wars, but she did lead expeditions into Africa.

哈特谢普苏特如此坚决要成为法老，以至于埃及人最终同意让她成为他们的统治者。在二十多年里，哈特谢普苏特统治着埃及——一个假装成国王的女王。她没有进行任何战争，但她确实率领远征队进入非洲。

There, she bought gold, incense, monkeys, elephants, and other things that the Egyptian people loved. She built more monuments than any other Egyptian queen. She ruled over the Egyptians until her death.

在那里，她购买了黄金、香料、猴子、大象和其他埃及人喜爱的东西。她建造的纪念碑比任何其他埃及女王都多。她统治埃及人直到去世。

Amenhotep and King Tut / 阿蒙霍特普和图坦卡蒙王

Thutmose I and Hatshepsut were powerful rulers. But we remember two other pharaohs of Egypt for different reasons. The pharaoh Amenhotep tried to change the way that the Egyptians worshipped their gods. And we remember the pharaoh Tutankhamen because of the way he was buried.

图特摩斯一世和哈特谢普苏特是强大的统治者。但我们记住另外两位埃及法老是出于不同的原因。法老阿蒙霍特普试图改变埃及人崇拜神灵的方式。我们记住法老图坦卡蒙是因为他被埋葬的方式。

AMENHOTEP: MANY GODS OR ONE GOD? / 阿蒙霍特普：多神还是一神？

Amenhotep's father was pharaoh, so when he died Amenhotep inherited his throne. He became pharaoh around 1350 BC/BCE. He was the fourth pharaoh named Amenhotep, so he was known as Amenhotep IV.

阿蒙霍特普的父亲是法老，所以当他去世时，阿蒙霍特普继承了他的王座。他大约在公元前1350年成为法老。他是第四位名叫阿蒙霍特普的法老，所以被称为阿蒙霍特普四世。

At first, Amenhotep acted like any other pharaoh. He made laws. He sent the army out to stop rebellions. He married a princess from Nubia and had a daughter. He worshipped all of Egypt's many gods. As a matter of fact, he was named after one of Egypt's most important gods—Amun, a god of the sun who was sometimes called "The King of the Gods."

起初，阿蒙霍特普表现得像任何其他法老一样。他制定法律。他派军队去镇压叛乱。他娶了努比亚的一位公主并有了一个女儿。他崇拜埃及的所有神灵。事实上，他是以埃及最重要的神之一命名的——阿蒙，一位太阳神，有时被称为"众神之王"。

Amenhotep sacrificed to Amun, gave money to his priests, and held big celebrations to honor this powerful god. But then something happened to Amenhotep. He decided that Amun didn't exist. As a matter of fact, he decided that none of Egypt's gods were real.

阿蒙霍特普向阿蒙献祭，给他的祭司金钱，并举行盛大的庆典来荣耀这位强大的神。但随后阿蒙霍特普发生了一些变化。他决定阿蒙并不存在。事实上，他决定埃及的神灵都不是真实的。

The Egyptian people were horrified. After all, they worshipped dozens of gods. They were polytheists. Polytheism means "the worship of many gods." The Egyptians thought that the gods controlled every part of life.

埃及人民感到震惊。毕竟，他们崇拜几十个神灵。他们是多神教徒。多神教意思是"对许多神的崇拜"。埃及人认为神灵控制生活的每一个方面。

The gods made the Nile flood; they made rain fall; they made women have babies; they provided food; they decided whether you would live or die. How could this pharaoh suddenly stop worshipping the gods? Amenhotep didn't pay any attention to what his people thought. His mind was made up. Instead of many gods, he believed, there was only one god. He called this god Aten.

神灵使尼罗河泛滥；他们降雨；他们让女人生孩子；他们提供食物；他们决定你是生是死。这个法老怎么能突然停止崇拜神灵呢？阿蒙霍特普不理会他的人民怎么想。他意志坚决。他相信，不是许多神，而是只有一个神。他称这个神为阿顿。

The old gods of Egypt had looked like human beings, but Aten didn't look like a man. He had to be drawn by a symbol. Amenhotep did his best to drive all worship of the old gods—polytheism—out of Egypt. He closed temples and made priests stop performing rituals.

埃及的旧神看起来像人类，但阿顿不像人。他必须用符号来表示。阿蒙霍特普尽力将对旧神的所有崇拜——多神教——从埃及驱逐出去。他关闭神庙，让祭司停止进行仪式。

He told people not to sacrifice to the old gods. He even changed his name, so that he wouldn't be named after Amun, the King of the Gods, any more. Now, instead of Amenhotep, he wanted to be called Akhenaten. This name means "worshipper of Aten."

他告诉人们不要向旧神献祭。他甚至改了自己的名字，这样他就不再以众神之王阿蒙命名了。现在，他不再叫阿蒙霍特普，而是想被称为阿肯纳顿。这个名字意思是"阿顿的崇拜者"。

Amenhotep was the first Egyptian monotheist. Monotheism means "worship of only one god." He spent much of his reign worshipping Aten. He built a whole new city with a huge, new temple in it for Aten. He wrote poetry to his god.

阿蒙霍特普是第一个埃及一神教徒。一神教意思是"只崇拜一个神"。他把统治时期的大部分时间都用来崇拜阿顿。他建造了一座全新的城市，里面有一座为阿顿建造的巨大新神庙。他为他的神写诗歌。

One of his poems says:
Earth brightens when you dawn in lightland,
When you shine as Aten of daytime …
The entire land sets out to work,
All beasts browse on their herbs;
Trees, herbs are sprouting,
Birds fly from their nests …
Ships fare north, fare south as well,
Roads lie open when you rise;
The fish in the river dart before you,
Your rays are in the midst of the sea.

他的一首诗说：
当你在光明之地升起时大地变得明亮，
当你作为白昼的阿顿闪耀时……
整个大地开始工作，
所有野兽都在吃草；
树木、草药正在发芽，
鸟儿从巢中飞出……
船只向北航行，也向南航行，
当你升起时道路畅通；
河中的鱼在你面前游动，
你的光芒在大海之中。

As long as Amenhotep lived, he kept the Egyptians from worshipping all their gods. But as soon as Amenhotep died, the Egyptians rebelled! They closed the temple to Aten. They reopened all their other temples. They went back to worshipping all the old gods of Egypt.

只要阿蒙霍特普活着，他就阻止埃及人崇拜他们所有的神。但阿蒙霍特普一死，埃及人就反抗了！他们关闭了阿顿神庙。他们重新开放了所有其他神庙。他们回到崇拜埃及所有旧神的状态。

And they erased Amenhotep's name from all the monuments he had built. They took him out of all their records. They moved out of his new city and let it crumble away into ruins. They were so angry at Amenhotep for trying to make them worship just one god that they tried to forget he had ever been pharaoh. Monotheism in Egypt had failed. Polytheism—the worship of many gods—had won, after all.

他们从他建造的所有纪念碑上抹去了阿蒙霍特普的名字。他们把他从所有记录中删除。他们搬离了他的新城市，让它倒塌成废墟。他们对阿蒙霍特普试图让他们只崇拜一个神如此愤怒，以至于他们试图忘记他曾经是法老。埃及的一神教失败了。多神教——对许多神的崇拜——最终获胜了。

THE BOY BURIED WITH TREASURE: KING TUT / 与财宝一起埋葬的男孩：图坦卡蒙王

Tut became king of Egypt when he was only seven. He grew up in the house of Amenhotep, the pharaoh who changed his name to Akhenaten. There, Tut was originally named Tutankhaten, a name honoring the god Aten.

图坦卡蒙在他只有七岁时就成为了埃及国王。他在阿蒙霍特普的宫殿里长大，阿蒙霍特普就是那个改名为阿肯纳顿的法老。在那里，图坦卡蒙最初被命名为图坦卡腾，这个名字是为了荣耀神阿顿。

But when he became king, Tut changed his name to Tutankhamen, a name honoring Amun, the old "King of the Gods"! King Tut helped to wipe out the worship of Aten. He encouraged the people to start worshipping the old gods again. He helped to erase Akhenaten's name from all Egyptian records.

但当他成为国王时，图坦卡蒙将自己的名字改为图坦卡蒙，这个名字是为了荣耀阿蒙，古老的"众神之王"！图坦卡蒙王帮助清除了对阿顿的崇拜。他鼓励人们重新开始崇拜旧神。他帮助从所有埃及记录中抹去阿肯纳顿的名字。

But King Tut did not have much time to rule. He died when he was eighteen. Tut wasn't buried in a pyramid. You see, robbers knew that the pyramids of Egypt were full of treasure. They broke into the pyramids and robbed them of all their gold and jewels.

但图坦卡蒙王没有太多时间统治。他在十八岁时去世了。图坦卡蒙没有被埋在金字塔里。你看，盗贼知道埃及的金字塔里充满了财宝。他们闯入金字塔，抢走了所有的黄金和珠宝。

Sometimes they even dumped the mummies of pharaohs out onto the floor and stole the golden coffins. So the Egyptians began to hide their tombs in the hills and mountains. They carved caves into the cliffs, put their pharaohs and treasures inside, and then blocked up the doors with stone to hide them.

有时他们甚至把法老的木乃伊扔到地上，偷走黄金棺材。所以埃及人开始将他们的陵墓藏在山丘和山脉中。他们在悬崖上雕凿洞穴，把法老和财宝放在里面，然后用石头堵住门口来隐藏它们。

Their favorite place to bury pharaohs was a long, rocky valley catacombed with caves and passageways. This valley, now called the Valley of the Kings, has sixty tombs in it. And the tombs are well hidden. Robbers never found King Tut's tomb. As a matter of fact, no one knew it was there for thousands and thousands of years.

他们最喜欢埋葬法老的地方是一个长长的、多岩石的山谷，里面挖满了洞穴和通道。这个山谷，现在被称为国王谷，里面有六十个陵墓。这些陵墓隐藏得很好。盗贼从未找到过图坦卡蒙王的陵墓。事实上，数千年来没有人知道它在那里。

Over three thousand years later, a man named Howard Carter was working in the Valley of the Kings. He had spent years looking for the tombs of the pharaohs. He found Hatshepsut's tomb. He was convinced that another royal grave was hidden in the Valley of the Kings. But he was simply unable to find it.

三千多年后，一个名叫霍华德·卡特的人在国王谷工作。他花了几年时间寻找法老的陵墓。他找到了哈特谢普苏特的陵墓。他确信在国王谷还隐藏着另一个皇家墓穴。但他就是找不到它。

One day, Howard Carter was moving a stack of stones when he found something unexpected—a step! He ran for help. His men, digging all through the day, uncovered more steps, leading down to a door in the stone. On the door, Carter found a name in hieroglyphs: TUTANKHAMEN.

有一天，霍华德·卡特在搬动一堆石头时发现了一些意外的东西——一个台阶！他跑去寻求帮助。他的工人们挖掘了一整天，挖出了更多台阶，向下通向石头中的一扇门。在门上，卡特发现了一个用象形文字写的名字：图坦卡蒙。

Carefully, Carter cut a hole in the door. He held up a light to the door. At first, all he could see was darkness. He moved his light from side to side. Suddenly, a beautiful golden gleam sprang out from the blackness. The room was full of gold. Carter's friends were pressing in behind him. "What do you see?" one of them asked. "Can you see anything?" "Yes!" Howard Carter said. "Wonderful things!"

卡特小心地在门上挖了一个洞。他举起一盏灯照向门内。起初，他只能看到黑暗。他将灯光左右移动。突然，一道美丽的金色闪光从黑暗中涌现。房间里满是黄金。卡特的朋友们挤在他后面。"你看到了什么？"其中一个问道。"你能看到什么吗？""能！"霍华德·卡特说。"奇妙的东西！"

The workmen slowly pried the door open. In front of them was a room filled with treasures. King Tut's throne, golden statues of the young king, game boards inlaid with ivory and jewelry, rings, necklaces, jars, jewel-encrusted chests, figures of the gods and goddesses—all of these were crowded into King Tut's tomb.

工人们慢慢撬开了门。在他们面前是一个装满财宝的房间。图坦卡蒙王的王座、年轻国王的黄金雕像、镶嵌着象牙和珠宝的游戏板、戒指、项链、罐子、镶嵌宝石的箱子、神和女神的雕像——所有这些都挤在图坦卡蒙王的陵墓里。

Howard Carter and his friends kept on exploring. They found a whole series of rooms, linked together by hallways. Each room held more treasures. Finally, they came to the last locked door. Carter opened it carefully. Inside, he found the body of the young king, Tutankhamen himself.

霍华德·卡特和他的朋友们继续探索。他们发现了一整系列房间，由走廊连接在一起。每个房间都有更多财宝。最后，他们来到最后一扇锁着的门。卡特小心地打开了它。在里面，他发现了年轻国王的遗体，图坦卡蒙本人。

At first, all Carter saw was a huge golden box. Then he realized that the box opened at the top. Inside this golden box, he found a heavy stone chest. Inside the stone chest, he found a golden statue of the king, lying on its back. As soon as he touched the statue, he knew that it was actually a wooden coffin, carved to look like the king and then coated with gold.

起初，卡特看到的只是一个巨大的金盒子。然后他意识到这个盒子可以从顶部打开。在这个金盒子里，他发现了一个沉重的石箱。在石箱里，他发现了一尊国王的金雕像，仰面躺着。一碰到雕像，他就知道这实际上是一个木制棺材，雕刻得像国王的样子，然后镀上金子。

He pried the coffin open, expecting to see Tut's body. Instead, he found another wooden coffin, covered with gold. And when he opened this coffin, he found yet another coffin—this one solid gold, through and through. Carefully, he opened this final coffin. There was Tutankhamen's mummified body, wrapped in linen and soaked with spices. It was so well preserved that Howard Carter could even see the dead king's face.

他撬开棺材，期望看到图坦卡蒙的遗体。相反，他发现了另一个木制棺材，覆盖着黄金。当他打开这个棺材时，他发现了另一个棺材——这一个完全是纯金的。他小心地打开了这最后一个棺材。那里躺着图坦卡蒙木乃伊化的遗体，用亚麻布包裹并浸泡着香料。它保存得如此完好，以至于霍华德·卡特甚至能看到死去国王的面孔。

Soon, people began to say that there was a curse on Tut's tomb. The man who helped Howard Carter open Tut's tomb, Lord Carnarvon, died only seven weeks after the burial chamber was first opened. Was this a result of the inscription found on the statue of Anubis, the god of death, inside Tut's treasure?

很快，人们开始说图坦卡蒙的陵墓有诅咒。帮助霍华德·卡特打开图坦卡蒙陵墓的人，卡纳冯勋爵，在墓室首次开启仅七周后就去世了。这是否是图坦卡蒙宝藏中发现的死神阿努比斯雕像上的铭文的结果？

The inscription reads, "It is I who hinder the sand from choking the secret chamber. I am for the protection of the deceased." Five months after Lord Carnarvon's death, his younger brother also died unexpectedly. And that's not all—Howard Carter's pet canary was swallowed by a cobra on the very day that the tomb was first opened! A cobra was also carved on Tut's mask—so that it would spit fire at all enemies of the king.

铭文写道："是我阻止沙子堵塞秘密墓室。我是为了保护死者。"卡纳冯勋爵死后五个月，他的弟弟也意外去世了。不仅如此——霍华德·卡特的宠物金丝雀在陵墓首次开启的那一天被一条眼镜蛇吞噬了！图坦卡蒙的面具上也雕刻着一条眼镜蛇——这样它就能向国王的所有敌人喷火。

There were 26 people present when the tomb was opened. Within ten years, six had died. But the others lived into old age. So you decide: was there a curse in Tut's tomb?

陵墓开启时有26人在场。十年内，六人死亡。但其他人都活到了老年。所以你来决定：图坦卡蒙的陵墓里有诅咒吗？

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

历史人物词汇 / Historical Figures

pharaoh

/ˈferoʊ/

中文：法老
定义：古埃及的国王或统治者
例句：The pharaoh ruled over all of Egypt.

general

/ˈdʒenərəl/

中文：将军
定义：军队的高级指挥官
例句：The general led his army into battle.

princess

/ˈprɪnsəs/

中文：公主
定义：国王或王子的女儿
例句：The princess was very intelligent.

Howard Carter

/ˈhaʊərd ˈkɑːrtər/

中文：霍华德·卡特
定义：发现图坦卡蒙陵墓的英国考古学家
例句：Howard Carter made one of the greatest archaeological discoveries.

政治军事词汇 / Political & Military Terms

empire

/ˈempaɪər/

中文：帝国
定义：由一个统治者控制的大片土地和许多民族
例句：The Egyptian empire was very powerful.

conquering

/ˈkɑːŋkərɪŋ/

中文：征服
定义：通过战争控制其他土地或人民
例句：The army was conquering new territories.

throne

/θroʊn/

中文：王座
定义：国王或女王坐的椅子，象征王权
例句：She sat on the golden throne.

battles

/ˈbætəlz/

中文：战斗
定义：军队之间的武装冲突
例句：The general won many battles.

宗教文化词汇 / Religious & Cultural Terms

polytheism

/ˈpɑːliˌθiːɪzəm/

中文：多神教
定义：信仰和崇拜多个神灵的宗教体系
例句：Ancient Egypt practiced polytheism.

monotheism

/ˈmɑːnoʊˌθiːɪzəm/

中文：一神教
定义：只信仰一个神的宗教体系
例句：Amenhotep introduced monotheism to Egypt.

temple

/ˈtempəl/

中文：神庙
定义：用于宗教崇拜的建筑
例句：The priests worked in the temple.

sacrifice

/ˈsækrɪˌfaɪs/

中文：献祭
定义：向神灵供奉物品的宗教仪式
例句：They would sacrifice animals to the gods.

考古发现词汇 / Archaeological Terms

treasure

/ˈtreʒər/

中文：财宝
定义：非常贵重的物品，如黄金和珠宝
例句：The tomb was full of ancient treasure.

mummy

/ˈmʌmi/

中文：木乃伊
定义：经过防腐处理的死人尸体
例句：The mummy was perfectly preserved.

hieroglyphs

/ˈhaɪrəˌɡlɪfs/

中文：象形文字
定义：古埃及使用的图画文字系统
例句：The name was written in hieroglyphs.

curse

/kɜːrs/

中文：诅咒
定义：据说能带来厄运的魔法
例句：Some people believed there was a curse on the tomb.

基础生活词汇 / Basic Life Vocabulary

clothing

/ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

中文：服装
定义：人们穿的衣服
例句：She wore men's clothing to look like a king.

beard

/bɪrd/

中文：胡须
定义：长在男性面部的毛发
例句：The pharaoh wore a false beard.

baby

/ˈbeɪbi/

中文：婴儿
定义：非常年幼的孩子
例句：The future pharaoh was just a baby.

gold

/ɡoʊld/

中文：黄金
定义：非常珍贵的金属
例句：The tomb contained lots of gold.

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

✅ 章节：第13章 - 埃及新王国
✅ 段落总数：47个段落容器
✅ 词汇标注：68个重点词汇
✅ 词汇卡片：24张分类卡片
✅ 特殊标记：时间标记（1524 BC/BCE, 1350 BC/BCE）
✅ 原书插图：图特摩斯一世画像
✅ 诗歌内容：阿蒙霍特普致阿顿的诗
✅ 发音功能：全部英文词汇可点击发音
✅ 质量检查：所有格式要求已满足