Chapter 31 - Looking Behind the Curtain: Technology Skills / 第31章 - 幕后探秘：技术技能

"The Internet is the first thing that humanity has built that humanity doesn't understand."

"互联网是人类建造的第一个连人类自己都无法理解的事物。"

—Eric Schmidt / —埃里克·施密特

SUBJECT: Basic computer programming

学科：基础计算机编程

TIME REQUIRED: 3 to 5 hours per week (or as interest dictates)

所需时间：每周3到5个小时（或根据兴趣决定）

Computer technology has changed the way we live—and so quickly that our chapters on technology in earlier editions of this book sound embarrassingly dated.

计算机技术已经改变了我们的生活方式——变化如此迅速，以至于我们在本书早期版本中关于技术的章节听起来尴尬地过时了。

This chapter will probably age badly as well. So we'll keep it short and just say two things.

这个章节可能也会严重过时。所以我们将保持简短，只说两件事情。

THE OBLIGATORY WARNINGS ABOUT THE INTERNET, SOCIAL MEDIA, ETC. / 关于互联网、社交媒体等的必要警告

The truth is that nobody knows exactly what computer technology is doing to our brains. In some ways, it doesn't matter.

真相是没有人确切知道计算机技术对我们的大脑正在做什么。在某些方面，这并不重要。

We're already into the digital age, and, barring the arrival of the zombie apocalypse (in which case we'll all have other things to worry about), we won't be leaving it anytime soon.

我们已经进入了数字时代，而且，除非僵尸末日的到来（在那种情况下我们都会有其他事情要担心），我们不会在任何时候很快离开它。

But remember that growing children are physical beings, and keep in mind that the Internet and social media channels are body-neutral.

但是记住，成长中的孩子是身体的生物，要记住互联网和社交媒体渠道是身体中性的。

Physical sensations—touch, smell, taste, balance—are irrelevant.

身体感觉——触觉、嗅觉、味觉、平衡——都是无关的。

What are the implications of that? At least two stand out.

这有什么含义呢？至少有两点突出。

First, because we're physical beings, our intellectual pursuits affect our bodies. Numerous studies have been done on how different experiences change the physical makeup of the brain.

首先，因为我们是身体生物，我们的智力追求会影响我们的身体。许多研究已经做过，关于不同的经历如何改变大脑的物理构成。

Specifically, the brain of the student who spends eight hours per day in front of the computer looks different than the brain of the student who spends an hour in front of the computer, four hours in front of books, and the other three hours doing outside activities.

具体地说，每天在计算机前花费八个小时的学生的大脑看起来与在计算机前花费一个小时、在书籍前四个小时、其他三个小时做户外活动的学生的大脑不同。

Any constantly repeated activity develops some neural pathways at the expense of others. In other words, balance computer use with paper-and-pencil work and active learning.

任何持续重复的活动都会发展某些神经通路，而以其他通路为代价。换句话说，要平衡计算机使用与纸和铅笔工作以及积极学习。

Otherwise, you'll be developing certain parts of the brain while ignoring others. Don't let this form of modern technology dominate your child's spare time; time spent online is time that isn't spent building models, reading Plato, playing a musical instrument, cutting the grass, drawing, keeping a journal, eating, sleeping, or staring into space and thinking about what life means.

否则，你将发展大脑的某些部分而忽视其他部分。不要让这种现代技术的形式支配你孩子的空闲时间；花在在线的时间就是没有花在建造模型、阅读柏拉图、演奏音乐乐器、修剪草坪、画画、写日记、吃饭、睡觉或凝视天空思考生活意味着什么上的时间。

A second implication is especially important for high-school students. Any normal adolescent—by which we mean one who is insecure, struggling to face others with both grace and confidence, self-conscious about skin and hair and weight—prefers to communicate via chat.

第二个含义对高中学生特别重要。任何正常的青少年——我们指的是那些不安全的、挣扎着用优雅和自信来面对他人的、对皮肤和头发和体重自我意识的——更喜欢通过聊天来交流。

Electronic friends are much safer than flesh-and-blood companions; don't allow them to take the place of real live give-and-take between people who are physically present.

电子朋友比血肉伙伴要安全得多；不要允许他们取代真实活生生的、身体上在场的人们之间的互动的地位。

For high school, we're not laying down hard-and-fast rules. We are encouraging you to realize that computers, like all technologies, put priorities on some types of experience and relegate others to the background.

对于高中，我们不是在制定严格的规则。我们鼓励你意识到，计算机，就像所有技术一样，把优先权放在某些类型的经验上，而把其他的降级到背景。

BASIC PROGRAMMING IS IMPORTANT / 基础编程很重要

"Software engineering," says programmer Mel Klimushyn, "is the closest I could come to fulfilling my lifelong dream of becoming a wizard."

"软件工程，"程序员梅尔·克利穆申说，"是我能够最接近实现我终生梦想成为巫师的方式。"

All technology looks like magic to the uninitiated. (Arthur C. Clarke said it first.) But classical education, although it has great respect for myth and legend, doesn't really have room in it for magic.

所有技术对外行来说都像魔法。（阿瑟·C·克拉克最先说的。）但是古典教育，尽管它对神话和传奇有很大的尊重，但真的没有为魔法留空间。

So we think that all rhetoric-stage students, even the humanities-focused ones, should learn some basic programming. This is the most straightforward way to take the mystery out of computers and put them in their place—as powerful tools, not as dictators of culture.

所以我们认为所有修辞阶段的学生，甚至是人文学科专注的学生，都应该学习一些基础编程。这是消除计算机神秘感并把它们放在合适位置上的最直接的方法——作为强大的工具，而不是文化的独裁者。

We suggest that during eleventh or twelfth grade, you schedule at least a year of beginning computer programming into the student's curriculum.

我们建议在十一或十二年级期间，你至少安排一年的初级计算机编程到学生的课程中。

Whatever language and resources we recommend will be outdated by the time you read this, so visit welltrainedmind.com for links to online tools and the most recent wisdom about languages for beginning students.

无论我们推荐什么语言和资源，在你读到这里时都会过时，所以访问welltrainedmind.com获取在线工具的链接和关于初学学生语言的最新智慧。

SUGGESTED SCHEDULES / 建议的时间安排

Grade 11 or 12: a one-year course in beginning computer programming for three to five hours per week.

11或12年级：一年的初级计算机编程课程，每周三到五个小时。

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

基础生活词汇 / Basic Life Vocabulary

computer

/kəmˈpjuːtər/

中文：计算机，电脑
定义：电子计算设备
例句：Computer technology has changed our lives.

children

/ˈtʃɪldrən/

中文：孩子们，儿童
定义：年幼的人类
例句：Growing children are physical beings.

time

/taɪm/

中文：时间
定义：持续存在的量度
例句：Time spent online is valuable.

books

/bʊks/

中文：书籍
定义：印刷的阅读材料
例句：Four hours in front of books is beneficial.

eating

/ˈiːtɪŋ/

中文：吃，进食
定义：摄取食物的行为
例句：Eating is a basic human activity.

sleeping

/ˈsliːpɪŋ/

中文：睡觉，休息
定义：自然的休息状态
例句：Sleeping is essential for health.

技术专业词汇 / Technology Terms

technology

/tekˈnɑːlədʒi/

中文：技术，科技
定义：应用科学知识的实用方法
例句：Computer technology changes rapidly.

Internet

/ˈɪntərnet/

中文：互联网
定义：全球计算机网络系统
例句：The Internet connects people worldwide.

programming

/ˈproʊɡræmɪŋ/

中文：编程，程序设计
定义：编写计算机代码的过程
例句：Basic programming is important for students.

software

/ˈsɔːftwer/

中文：软件
定义：计算机程序的集合
例句：Software engineering is like wizardry.

digital

/ˈdɪdʒɪtəl/

中文：数字的，数码的
定义：使用数字技术的
例句：We live in the digital age.

online

/ˌɑːnˈlaɪn/

中文：在线的，网上的
定义：通过互联网连接的
例句：Online tools are constantly updated.

教育学习词汇 / Education Vocabulary

student

/ˈstuːdənt/

中文：学生，学习者
定义：接受教育的人
例句：High school students need balance.

education

/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃən/

中文：教育
定义：传授知识和技能的过程
例句：Classical education respects tradition.

learning

/ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

中文：学习
定义：获得知识的过程
例句：Active learning is important.

curriculum

/kəˈrɪkjələm/

中文：课程，教学大纲
定义：教育机构的课程安排
例句：Programming should be in the curriculum.

grade

/ɡreɪd/

中文：年级，等级
定义：教育体系中的级别
例句：Eleventh grade students should learn programming.

course

/kɔːrs/

中文：课程，学科
定义：特定主题的教学系列
例句：A one-year course in programming is suggested.

动作行为词汇 / Actions & Activities

changed

/tʃeɪndʒd/

中文：改变，变化
定义：使不同或成为不同
例句：Technology has changed our lives.

understand

/ˌʌndərˈstænd/

中文：理解，明白
定义：掌握意义或重要性
例句：Humanity doesn't understand the Internet.

communicate

/kəˈmjuːnəkeɪt/

中文：交流，沟通
定义：传达信息或感情
例句：Adolescents prefer to communicate via chat.

building

/ˈbɪldɪŋ/

中文：建造，制作
定义：构造或创建某物
例句：Building models is a valuable activity.

thinking

/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

中文：思考，考虑
定义：使用心智进行推理
例句：Thinking about life's meaning is important.

playing

/ˈpleɪɪŋ/

中文：演奏，玩耍
定义：进行娱乐或音乐活动
例句：Playing a musical instrument develops the brain.

📊 处理统计信息 / Processing Statistics

总段落数：25段 / Total Paragraphs: 25
标注词汇数：78个 / Annotated Words: 78
词汇卡片数：24张 / Vocabulary Cards: 24
词汇分类：4个类别 / Categories: 4
双语对照：完整实现 / Bilingual: Complete
发音功能：已集成 / Pronunciation: Integrated
响应式设计：已优化 / Responsive: Optimized