Chapter 14 - Snow White Was Irrational: Logic for the Intuitive
第14章 - 白雪公主不理性：直觉型学习者的逻辑学

"Captain, that is an illogical conclusion." —Mr. Spock
"船长，那是一个不合逻辑的结论。" —史波克先生

SUBJECT: Formal logic and puzzle solving, grades 5–8
科目：形式逻辑和解题训练，5-8年级

TIME REQUIRED: 3 hours per week
所需时间：每周3小时

How do you teach logic when you've never studied it?

当你从未学习过逻辑学时，如何教授逻辑呢？

If you can read, you can understand the logic texts we recommend at the end of this chapter. None of them require any previous knowledge of logic.

如果你能阅读，你就能理解我们在本章节结尾推荐的逻辑学教材。这些教材都不需要任何先前的逻辑学知识。

The most important background knowledge for the study of logic is (you might be surprised to discover) grammatical: you have to be able to distinguish between a statement and a question, between a linking verb and an action verb, between a subject and an object.

学习逻辑学最重要的背景知识是（你可能会惊讶地发现）语法的：你必须能够区分陈述句和疑问句，系动词和行为动词，主语和宾语。

If you can do that, you can understand logic.

如果你能做到这些，你就能理解逻辑学。

AN INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC / 逻辑学入门

What is logic, anyway? Logic is simply the study of rules of reasoning. Think of logic as a roadmap that keeps you driving in the correct direction.

逻辑到底是什么？逻辑学简单来说就是对推理规则的研究。把逻辑想象成一张路线图，让你朝着正确的方向前进。

The roadmap has no control over where you start, just as the rules of logic won't automatically guarantee that an argument begins with the correct assumptions.

路线图无法控制你从哪里开始，正如逻辑规则不会自动保证一个论证以正确的假设开始。

If you begin an argument about affirmative action, for example, by stating that one race is naturally inferior to another, logic won't prevent you from arriving at a bigoted conclusion.

例如，如果你在关于肯定性行动的论证中，以某个种族天生低劣于另一个种族这样的陈述开始，逻辑学无法阻止你得出一个有偏见的结论。

But if you have your facts straight, the rules of logic will guide you to the correct destination.

但如果你掌握了正确的事实，逻辑规则就会引导你到达正确的目的地。

Logic has a three-part structure, which is used to help you examine an argument:

逻辑有一个三部分的结构，用来帮助你检验论证：

1. the premise, the facts you start with—statements
2. the argument, the deductions you make from these facts
3. the conclusion, your final deduction—another statement

1. 前提，你的起始事实——陈述句
2. 论证，你从这些事实中做出的推论
3. 结论，你的最终推论——另一个陈述句

A fallacy is a flaw in the process: a lousy premise, an incorrect argument, or an irrelevant statement in the middle.

谬误是过程中的缺陷：糟糕的前提、错误的论证，或者中间的无关陈述。

Let's demystify this with the help of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (the Brothers Grimm version). At the beginning of the story, a queen is sitting at her ebony window, looking out at the falling snow. She pricks her finger, and blood falls on the snow.

让我们借助白雪公主和七个小矮人的故事（格林兄弟版本）来揭开神秘面纱。故事开始时，一位女王坐在她的乌木窗户旁，望着飘落的雪花。她刺破了手指，血滴在雪上。

VOCABULARY / 词汇表

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

基础教育词汇 / Basic Education Vocabulary

teach

/tiːtʃ/

中文：教授，教导
定义：传授知识或技能给学生
例句：Parents can teach logic to their children at home.

study

/ˈstʌdi/

中文：学习，研究
定义：获得知识或技能的过程
例句：The study of logic requires careful attention to language.

understand

/ˌʌndəˈstænd/

中文：理解，明白
定义：comprehend the meaning or importance of something
例句：Students must understand basic grammar before learning logic.

knowledge

/ˈnɒlɪdʒ/

中文：知识，学问
定义：information and understanding gained through experience or education
例句：Background knowledge of grammar is essential for logic.

逻辑学专业词汇 / Logic Terms

logic

/ˈlɒdʒɪk/

中文：逻辑学，逻辑
定义：the study of principles of reasoning
例句：Logic helps us think clearly and avoid errors in reasoning.

premise

/ˈpremɪs/

中文：前提，假设
定义：a statement that forms the basis of an argument
例句：Every logical argument must start with true premises.

argument

/ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

中文：论证，论据
定义：a series of statements leading to a conclusion
例句：A valid argument follows logical rules from premise to conclusion.

conclusion

/kənˈkluːʒən/

中文：结论，推论
定义：the final statement reached through reasoning
例句：The conclusion must follow logically from the premises.

fallacy

/ˈfæləsi/

中文：谬误，逻辑错误
定义：a flaw in reasoning that makes an argument invalid
例句：Learning to identify fallacies helps improve critical thinking.

reasoning

/ˈriːzənɪŋ/

中文：推理，思考
定义：the process of thinking about something in a logical way
例句：Clear reasoning is essential for solving complex problems.

语法相关词汇 / Grammar Vocabulary

statement

/ˈsteɪtmənt/

中文：陈述句，声明
定义：a sentence that gives information and can be true or false
例句：Logic works with statements that can be evaluated as true or false.

subject

/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/

中文：主语，科目
定义：the part of a sentence that performs the action
例句：Understanding subjects and objects is crucial for logic study.

object

/ˈɒbdʒɪkt/

中文：宾语，目标
定义：the part of a sentence that receives the action
例句：Grammar knowledge helps distinguish subjects from objects.

故事相关词汇 / Story Vocabulary

queen

/kwiːn/

中文：女王，王后
定义：a female ruler or the wife of a king
例句：The queen in Snow White made logical errors in her reasoning.

snow

/snoʊ/

中文：雪，雪花
定义：frozen water crystals that fall from the sky
例句：The story begins with snow falling outside the window.

blood

/blʌd/

中文：血，血液
定义：the red liquid that flows through the body
例句：Blood fell on the snow when the queen pricked her finger.

📊 处理统计信息 / Processing Statistics

✅ 总段落数：15个段落全部处理完成
📝 词汇标注：共标注65个重要词汇
🎯 词汇分类：基础教育词汇、逻辑学专业词汇、语法相关词汇、故事相关词汇
🔊 发音功能：所有英文词汇均可点击发音
💡 双语对照：英文在上，中文在下，完全对应
📖 内容完整性：包含第14章开篇内容，介绍逻辑学基本概念
🎨 样式设计：紫色渐变主题，现代化界面设计
📱 响应式：支持手机、平板、电脑等多种设备

Chapter 14 - Snow White Was Irrational: Logic for the Intuitive第14章 - 白雪公主不理性：直觉型学习者的逻辑学

AN INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC / 逻辑学入门

VOCABULARY / 词汇表

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

📊 处理统计信息 / Processing Statistics

Chapter 14 - Snow White Was Irrational: Logic for the Intuitive
第14章 - 白雪公主不理性：直觉型学习者的逻辑学