Chapter 47: Working: Apprenticeships and Other Jobs
第47章：工作：学徒制和其他工作

"Employment is nature's physician, and is essential to human happiness." —Galen
"工作是自然界的医师，对人类幸福至关重要。" —盖伦

Because of their flexibility of schedule, home-educated students have more opportunity to work at meaningful jobs. They're not limited to the typical after-school and summer routine of fast-food and retail service.

由于时间安排的灵活性，在家接受教育的学生有更多机会从事有意义的工作。他们不局限于典型的课后和夏季的快餐和零售服务工作。

We encourage you to think of high-school employment not as jobs, but as apprenticeships—preparation for a career. If financial pressures allow, it's always better for a student to take a low-paying or nonpaying apprenticeship or internship that gives her training and experience in important job skills than for her to make more money waiting tables.

我们鼓励你把高中就业不看作工作，而看作学徒制——为职业生涯做准备。如果经济压力允许，学生最好选择报酬低或无报酬的学徒制或实习，这样能给她重要工作技能的培训和经验，而不是去餐厅端盘子赚更多钱。

The classical approach to education emphasizes long-range goals over short-term satisfactions. The student who is so busy making money that she can't prepare for worthwhile work as an adult is substituting quick pleasure for long-term gain.

古典的教育方法强调长远目标胜过短期满足。忙于赚钱而无法为成为成年人后有价值的工作做准备的学生，是在用快速的快乐代替长远的收益。

Of course, many students need to make money for college. But if you can involve your child in training and apprenticeship work early, you can improve the money-making skills she'll need for college summers. The student who takes an unpaid position at a computer firm, learning consulting, will make much more money in the summer after her freshman year than the student who works a paying retail job in high school.

当然，许多学生需要为大学赚钱。但如果你能让你的孩子早期参与培训和学徒工作，你就能提高她在大学暑假期间需要的赚钱技能。在计算机公司无偿工作、学习咨询的学生，在大一结束后的夏天会比那些在高中从事有薪零售工作的学生赚更多钱。

Be creative when looking for job opportunities. Network with friends and relatives. Do you know a computer consultant, a newspaper editor, or an electrician? Ask whether your teen can do a six-week internship to learn about the business.

寻找工作机会时要有创意。与朋友和亲戚建立联系。你认识计算机顾问、报纸编辑或电工吗？询问你的青少年是否可以进行为期六周的实习来了解这个行业。

When the internship is over, if the student has an interest, ask whether she can stay for three more months. If she becomes substantially more skilled and begins to contribute to the business, that's the time to broach the subject of pay.

实习结束后，如果学生有兴趣，询问她是否可以再留三个月。如果她的技能大幅提高并开始对企业有贡献，那就是提出薪酬话题的时候了。

Even before beginning this process, encourage your young teen to ask questions about the jobs that relatives and neighbors have. What do you like about your work? What do you dislike? What's the most important skill you have? What skills do you wish you had? How did you get this job? What preparation would I need to get it? What's your daily schedule like?

甚至在开始这个过程之前，就要鼓励你的年轻孩子对亲戚和邻居的工作提出问题。你喜欢你工作的什么？你不喜欢什么？你拥有的最重要的技能是什么？你希望自己拥有什么技能？你是如何得到这份工作的？我需要什么准备才能得到它？你的日常日程是什么样的？

These questions will help the thirteen- or fourteen-year-old begin to think of her own interests and skills in terms of employment. Also assign the fourteen- or fifteen-year-old regular reading in the career and employment books written for young people.

这些问题将帮助十三或十四岁的孩子开始从就业角度思考自己的兴趣和技能。同时给十四或十五岁的孩子分配定期阅读为年轻人写的职业和就业书籍。

Ask your local librarian to guide you toward age-appropriate career books. Reading through these books now, before work has become a pressing issue for the student, makes career planning a fun exercise in thinking through possibilities.

请你当地的图书管理员指导你找到适合年龄的职业书籍。现在阅读这些书籍，在工作还没有成为学生紧迫问题之前，让职业规划成为思考各种可能性的有趣练习。

For older teens, look for series such as "Careers in Focus" and "Career Opportunities." Most teens don't have any idea of the variety of jobs that are available. The classic job-hunter's manual "What Color Is Your Parachute? A Practical Manual for Job Hunters and Career Changers," by Richard Bolles, has sections on developing interests, looking for specific jobs, interviews, and more.

对于年龄较大的青少年，寻找"职业焦点"和"职业机会"等系列书籍。大多数青少年对可获得的工作种类毫无概念。理查德·博尔斯的经典求职手册《你的降落伞是什么颜色？求职者和职业转换者实用手册》有关于培养兴趣、寻找特定工作、面试等章节。

Your library will also have the most recent guides to internships for junior- and senior-high-school students. Every high-school student should also spend some time reading through newspaper and magazine want ads. These provide a valuable look at the sorts of jobs that are available and the qualifications needed to land them.

你的图书馆也会有针对初高中学生实习的最新指南。每个高中生都应该花时间阅读报纸和杂志的招聘广告。这些提供了关于可获得工作类型和获得这些工作所需资格的宝贵信息。

A crucial part of skill development is learning to do home chores responsibly. Prepare your student for successful internships and apprenticeships by assigning regular work at home and allowing her to work for neighbors and friends as soon as you feel that she's mature enough to do a good job.

技能发展的关键部分是学会负责任地做家庭家务。通过在家分配定期工作，并在你认为她足够成熟能够胜任工作时允许她为邻居和朋友工作，为你的学生成功的实习和学徒制做准备。

Volunteer work is also important. It develops skills and experience, and often opens the door to paid jobs later on. If your high-school senior has no particular interest in a field of study and no burning career plans, don't push her straight into college.

志愿工作也很重要。它培养技能和经验，经常为以后的有薪工作打开大门。如果你的高中毕业生对学习领域没有特别兴趣，也没有强烈的职业计划，不要强迫她直接上大学。

Let her take a year or two off to work. College will still be there when she's ready to go. And she may discover, through an apprenticeship or internship, a career that doesn't require a college degree.

让她休学一两年去工作。当她准备好时，大学仍然会在那里。她可能会通过学徒制或实习发现一个不需要大学学位的职业。

Resources / 参考资源

Bolles, Richard. What Color Is Your Parachute? 2015: A Practical Manual for Job Hunters and Career Changers. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2014. Directed at adults and older teens. One of the most popular resources for job-seekers.

博尔斯，理查德。《你的降落伞是什么颜色？2015：求职者和职业转换者实用手册》。加州伯克利：十速出版社，2014年。面向成年人和年龄较大的青少年。求职者最受欢迎的资源之一。

What Color Is Your Parachute for Teens: Discovering Yourself, Defining Your Future, 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2015.

《青少年版你的降落伞是什么颜色：发现自己，定义未来》，第三版。加州伯克利：十速出版社，2015年。

Career Opportunities in . . . series. New York: McGraw-Hill. Each book describes a number of career paths open to students who have particular skills.

《职业机会在...》系列。纽约：麦格劳-希尔出版社。每本书描述了对具有特定技能的学生开放的许多职业道路。

Ferguson's Careers in Focus series. Chicago: Ferguson Publishing. A whole range of books, each describing the aspects of a single career.

弗格森《职业焦点》系列。芝加哥：弗格森出版社。一整套书籍，每本都描述单一职业的各个方面。

Sher, Barbara. I Could Do Anything If I Only Knew What It Was: How to Discover What You Really Want and How to Get It. New York: Dell, 1995. Written for adults, but helpful for older teens who are beginning to think through their options.

谢尔，芭芭拉。《如果我知道那是什么，我什么都能做：如何发现你真正想要的以及如何得到它》。纽约：戴尔出版社，1995年。为成年人而写，但对开始思考选择的年龄较大青少年很有帮助。

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

基础生活词汇 / Basic Life Vocabulary

home

/hoʊm/

中文：家庭、居住地
定义：人们生活的地方，家庭环境
例句：Learning to do home chores prepares students for responsibility.

work

/wərk/

中文：工作、劳动
定义：为了获得报酬或达成目标而进行的活动
例句：Regular work at home builds important life skills.

money

/ˈmʌni/

中文：钱、货币
定义：用于购买商品和服务的交换媒介
例句：Many students need to make money for college expenses.

students

/ˈstudənts/

中文：学生
定义：在学校或其他教育机构学习的人
例句：Home-educated students have flexible schedules for work opportunities.

friends

/frɛndz/

中文：朋友
定义：彼此喜欢和信任的人
例句：Network with friends and relatives to find job opportunities.

child

/tʃaɪld/

中文：孩子、儿童
定义：年龄较小的人，通常指未成年人
例句：Involve your child in training and apprenticeship work early.

教育职业词汇 / Education & Career Vocabulary

apprenticeships

/əˈprentɪsʃɪps/

中文：学徒制
定义：在有经验的工人指导下学习技能的培训制度
例句：Think of high-school employment as apprenticeships, not just jobs.

employment

/ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

中文：就业、雇佣
定义：有报酬的工作或职位
例句：Employment is essential to human happiness according to Galen.

internship

/ˈɪntərnʃɪp/

中文：实习
定义：短期的工作体验，通常为了获得经验
例句：A six-week internship can provide valuable learning experience.

career

/kəˈrɪr/

中文：职业生涯
定义：一个人一生中从事的工作或专业
例句：Apprenticeships serve as preparation for a lifelong career.

training

/ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

中文：培训、训练
定义：为了获得技能而进行的教学或练习
例句：Good training provides valuable experience for future employment.

education

/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃən/

中文：教育
定义：传授知识、技能和价值观的过程
例句：Classical education emphasizes long-range goals over short-term satisfaction.

技能与品质词汇 / Skills & Qualities Vocabulary

skills

/skɪlz/

中文：技能、能力
定义：通过训练或经验获得的能力
例句：Important job skills are developed through practical experience.

experience

/ɪkˈspɪriəns/

中文：经验、经历
定义：通过实际参与活动获得的知识或技能
例句：Practical experience is often more valuable than classroom learning.

creative

/kriˈeɪtɪv/

中文：有创意的、创新的
定义：能够产生新想法或解决方案的
例句：Be creative when looking for job opportunities.

mature

/məˈtʊr/

中文：成熟的
定义：在心理或情感上发展完全的
例句：Work when she's mature enough to do a good job.

flexibility

/ˌfleksəˈbɪlɪti/

中文：灵活性
定义：能够适应变化或调整的能力
例句：Flexibility of schedule allows for meaningful work opportunities.

qualifications

/ˌkwɑləfəˈkeɪʃənz/

中文：资格、条件
定义：胜任某项工作所需的技能或证书
例句：Job ads show the qualifications needed for different positions.

社会关系词汇 / Social Relations Vocabulary

relatives

/ˈrelətɪvz/

中文：亲戚、亲属
定义：有血缘关系的家庭成员
例句：Network with friends and relatives to find opportunities.

neighbors

/ˈneɪbərz/

中文：邻居
定义：住在附近的人
例句：Ask questions about the jobs that neighbors have.

network

/ˈnetwərk/

中文：建立人际网络
定义：建立和维护有用的人际关系
例句：Network with people you know to discover job opportunities.

interviews

/ˈɪntərˌvjuːz/

中文：面试、访谈
定义：为了评估某人是否适合工作而进行的正式谈话
例句：Job-hunting manuals include sections on preparing for interviews.

volunteer

/ˌvɑlənˈtɪr/

中文：志愿的、自愿的
定义：自愿无偿提供服务的
例句：Volunteer work develops skills and opens doors to paid employment.

学习工具词汇 / Learning Tools Vocabulary

reading

/ˈridɪŋ/

中文：阅读
定义：理解书面文字的行为
例句：Regular reading in career books helps with planning.

library

/ˈlaɪˌbrɛri/

中文：图书馆
定义：收藏书籍和其他材料供公众使用的地方
例句：Your library will have guides to internships for students.

newspaper

/ˈnuzˌpeɪpər/

中文：报纸
定义：定期出版的印刷新闻刊物
例句：Reading newspaper want ads shows available job types.

magazine

/ˈmæɡəˌzin/

中文：杂志
定义：定期出版的包含文章和图片的刊物
例句：Magazine want ads provide information about job qualifications.

librarian

/laɪˈbrɛriən/

中文：图书管理员
定义：负责管理图书馆资源的专业人员
例句：Ask your local librarian to guide you toward career books.

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

✅ 总段落数 / Total Paragraphs: 14个主要段落 + 5个资源条目
✅ 标注词汇数 / Annotated Vocabulary: 68个重点词汇
✅ 词汇表收录 / Vocabulary Cards: 25个核心词汇
✅ 词汇分类 / Categories: 5大类（基础生活、教育职业、技能品质、社会关系、学习工具）
✅ 双语对照 / Bilingual Format: 英文在上，中文在下，完全对应
✅ 发音功能 / Pronunciation: 点击任意标注词汇可听发音
✅ 悬停提示 / Hover Tooltips: 鼠标悬停显示释义和音标
✅ 响应式设计 / Responsive Design: 支持手机和平板设备

Chapter 47: Working: Apprenticeships and Other Jobs第47章：工作：学徒制和其他工作

Resources / 参考资源

📚 Chapter Vocabulary / 本章词汇表

📊 Processing Statistics / 处理统计

Chapter 47: Working: Apprenticeships and Other Jobs
第47章：工作：学徒制和其他工作